Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 14, Problem 35P
Some scientists are trying to engineer bacteriophage to treat bacterial infections in humans when the infections
do not respond to chemical antibiotics.
| a. | What possible advantages might phage therapy have over antibiotic therapy? |
| b. | Describe potential difficulties that would need to be overcome for phage therapy to succeed. |
| c. | How might researchers best confront the issue that bacterial cells could become resistant to bacteriophage just as they could to antibiotics? |
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Some scientists are trying to engineer bacteriophageto treat bacterial infections in humans when theinfections do not respond to chemical antibiotics.a. What possible advantages might phage therapyhave over antibiotic therapy?b. Describe potential difficulties that would need tobe overcome for phage therapy to succeed.c. How might researchers best confront the issue thatbacterial cells could become resistant to bacteriophage just as they could to antibiotics?
a. Explain what is happening the figure below. What important implication originated from The Hershey-Chase
Experiment.
(A)
32p-labeled phage DNA
(B)
355-labeled phage proteins
unlabeled
355-labeled
empty phages
empty phages
infected bacteria
unlabeled infected bacteria
labeled with 3²p
All of the following apply to Luria and Delbrűck’s mutation theory as tested using E. Coli and T1 phage EXCEPT:
A. It was performed using liquid bacterial cultures
B. It involved looking for T1-resistant bacteria as an end measure
C. It was supported by the finding that the number of final cultures that were T1 phage-resistant were constant from experiment to experiment
D. It rejected the possibility of mutations occurring only in response to a T1 phage challenge
E. It supported the concept of spontaneous mutation rates
Chapter 14 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 14 - Choose the phrase from the right column that best...Ch. 14 - The unicellular, rod-shaped bacterium E. coli is 2...Ch. 14 - Now that the sequence of the entire E. coli K12...Ch. 14 - Bacterial genomes such as that of E. coli...Ch. 14 - List at least three features of eukaryotic genomes...Ch. 14 - Describe a mechanism by which a gene could move...Ch. 14 - High salt concentrations tend to cause protein...Ch. 14 - Recently, scientists tested the possibility that...Ch. 14 - A recent metagenomic study analyzed the...Ch. 14 - Linezolid is a new type of antibiotic that...
Ch. 14 - A liquid culture of E. coli at a concentration of...Ch. 14 - Pick out the medium i, ii, iii, or iv onto which...Ch. 14 - This problem concerns Fig. 14.14, which...Ch. 14 - In two isolates one is resistant to ampicillin,...Ch. 14 - E. coli cells usually have only one copy of the F...Ch. 14 - In E. coli, the genes purC and pyrB are located...Ch. 14 - DNA sequencing of the entire H. influenzae genome...Ch. 14 - Genes encoding toxins are often located on...Ch. 14 - a. You want to perform an interrupted-mating...Ch. 14 - In Problem 19, do you think that most of the...Ch. 14 - One issue with interrupted-mating experiments such...Ch. 14 - Prob. 22PCh. 14 - Starting with an F- strain that was prototrophic...Ch. 14 - You can carry out matings between an Hfr and F...Ch. 14 - Genome sequences show that some pathogenic...Ch. 14 - Generalized and specialized transduction both...Ch. 14 - This problem highlights some useful variations of...Ch. 14 - A researcher has a Trp auxotrophic strain of E....Ch. 14 - Streptococcus parasanguis is a bacterial species...Ch. 14 - The sequence at one end of one strand of the...Ch. 14 - Scientists who study amino acid biosynthesis...Ch. 14 - Suppose that you could obtain radioactively...Ch. 14 - Prob. 34PCh. 14 - Some scientists are trying to engineer...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In Hershey and Chase’s experiment investigating which biological molecule carries genetic information, they found that phage DNA with radiolabeled phosphorus was retained in bacterial cells after transduction. To conclude that DNA is the genetic material, what assumption did they have to make? (photo linked) A. Protein does not enter the bacterium during transduction. B. DNA does not stay in the media after transduction. C. All of the phage DNA was radiolabeled. D. Bacteria can be transduced by phage.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a concern of in-vivo gene therapy? A. Lytic vector expression B. Integration into target region C. Immune response to viral vector D. Production of chimeraarrow_forwardSome strains of Escherichia coli bacteria have acquired the ability to produce the harmful Shiga toxin, normally produced by Shigella dysenteriae. Which statements best explain why this occurs? Mark all that apply. A. conjugation between two different species of bacteria allowed both strains of bacteria to express a virulence factor B. transformation resulted in expression of a virulence factor C. horizontal gene transfer between different species of bacteria D. transduction of a specific gene resulted in expression of new traitsarrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of the antibiotic streptomycin? A. it disrupts protein synthesis in resistant bacteria. B. Streptomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis in all bacterial species. C. Streptomycin creates mutations in bacteria which cause them to become resistant. D. It disrupts protein synthesis in nonresistant bacteria.arrow_forwardBacteria exposed to viruses incorporate sections of the virus’s DNA into the CRISPR array sequences in their genome. This mechanism allows bacteria to fight off the viruses, like an immune response: the information in CRISPR spacers served as “coordinates” for recognizing and cutting up invading DNA sequences. Describe what might happen under the conditions described after a bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and releases its DNA into the bacterial cell. Explain why: 1. The invading phage DNA is recognized by the Cas proteins but not inserted into the CRISPR array region of the bacterial genome: The bacteria will be unable to elicit an immune response and will succumb to the phase infection 2. The cas genes on the bacterial genome contains a missense mutation that increases its cleavage/cut activityThe bacteria will elicit an immune response that will successfully fight the phage infectionarrow_forwardAlfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed experiments to show that A: the genetic material was DNA contained in the bacteriophage, which entered bacteria during phage infection. B:the genetic material was RNA contained in the bacteriophage, which entered bacteria during phage infection C:the genetic material was protein contained in the bacteriophage, which entered bacteria during phage infection D:none of these choices are correctHomework question i am lost onarrow_forward
- One of the reasons why phage therapy has not been applied widely is that bacteria can become resistant to bacteriophages as well, through mutations in genes encoding for specific proteins. What would be a protein in the bacterial cell that, if mutated, would make that cell resistant to phage infection?arrow_forwardWhat were the findings of Hershey and Chase's experiments with bacteriophages? Select all that apply. A. Radiolabeled viral DNA was found only inside of bacteria cells. B. Radiolabeled viral protein was found only inside of bacteria cells. C. Radiolabeled viral protein was found only outside of bacteria cells. D. Radiolabeled viral DNA was found only outside of bacteria cells.arrow_forwardIn the Hershey and Chase experiment involving T2 phage,a. most of the 32P entered the bacterial cells whereas most of the 35S did not.b. most of the 35S entered the bacterial cells whereas most of the 32P did not.c. equal amounts of 32P and 35S entered the bacterial cells.d. none of the above was observed.arrow_forward
- To understand the genes responsible for growth and infectivity in a disease-causing bacterial strain, you perform chemical mutagenesis on a culture of these bacteria. In the course of your investigation into the properties of the resulting mutants, you identify a set of mutant bacteria that is still viable but their virulence is significantly impaired. How might these mutants be useful for vaccine development?arrow_forwardFinding drugs to treat viruses is far more challenging than finding drugs to treat bacteria. A. Why the difference? Ans: Viruses need a host cell to replicate and a bacteria needs food to continue to replicate. B. What can anti-viral drugs target in order to bring a viral infection under control, or to prevent a viral infection in the first place? Ans: To bring an infection under control you would want to inhibit protease so it could not break down the polypeptide protein chain down into new protein coats. C. What can anti-viral drugs target to prevent a viral infection in the first place? Ans: To prevent a viral infection in the first place you could take a medication that would alter the surface receptor, fill in the surface receptor or inhibits the viral surface protein all together. D. Offer 2 examples of drugs used to control viral infections (specify virus) and how do they work on different targets. Ans:…arrow_forwardA patient is asked to participate in a trial using a bacteriophage to treat a Streptococcus infection. The patient is worried that she will end up with a viral infection rather than a Streptococcal infection. How would you address her concerns? – discuss the specificity of viral infections. How do they infect host cells, is that a random process?arrow_forward
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USMLE-Rx Antimicrobial Therapy; Author: USMLE-Rx;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pka1Ynlrqtw;License: Standard Youtube License