Chapter 13, Problem 13.42UKC

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the compound B has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules for naming carboxylic acid:

• Longest carbon chain is identified that contains the carboxyl group.  Name of the parent alkane is changed by replacing the “-e” by the suffix “-oic acid”.
• Substituents present in the longest carbon chain is entered before the carboxylic acid name.  If same substituents are present, then the respective Greek prefix is added before the substituents name.
• Locants are added and the substituents are entered in alphabetical order.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Isomer for the compound B has to be drawn that has same functional group.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Isomer for the compound B has to be drawn that has different functional group.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Product that is formed when compound B is treated with $\text{NaOH}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Water soluble salts are obtained as products when a carboxylic acid reacts with base such as sodium hydroxide.  Carboxylic acid is converted into carboxylate ion by the transfer of proton to the base.  On removal of proton from the carboxylic acid, the conjugate base is formed.  Hydroxide ion from base and proton from the acid combines to form neutral water molecule.

e.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product that is formed when the compound B reacts with ethanol in presence of sulfuric acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

In presence of acid, the carboxylic acid and an alcohol reacts to form ester as product.  Acid acts as a catalyst in this reaction.  This is known as Fischer esterification reaction.  Esterification reaction is an example of substitution reaction because, the $\text{OH}$ group present in carboxylic acid is replaced by $\text{OR'}$ group of alcohol.