Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 4EQ
As described in Chapter 21 and in experimental question E3, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay can be used to determine if a protein binds to DNA. This method can also determine if a protein binds to RNA. For each of the following combinations, would you expect the migration of the RNA to be retarded due to the binding of the protein?
A. mRNA from a gene that is terminated in a ρ-independent manner plus p protein
B. mRNA from a gene that is terminated in a p-dependent manner plus p protein
C. Pre-mRNA from a protein-encoding gene that contains two introns plus the snRNP called U1
D. Mature mRNA from a protein-encoding gene that contains two introns plus the snRNPcalled U1
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Here is the model for TfR mRNA regulation (see Fig.), for your convenience. Orange protein (IRP or IREBP), when bound to RNA, protects mRNA from degradation. When Fe is bound to the protein, it cannot
bind the mRNA.
If you made a radioactive DNA probe specific to TfR mRNA and performed a Northern blot analysis (to detect mRNA) from cells treated with high iron (Fe) concentration what would you expect to see?
(a) Low iron
RNase
A
(b) High iron
O High levels of RNase
O Low levels of TfR mRNA
Fe
RNase
O The result would be the same as untreated cells
Degradation
O High levels of IRP (or IREBP - iron responsive element binding protein)
O High levels of TfR mRNA
Consider the following simple regulatory pathways. Assume the full pathway is shown.
A-
E-
B-
F-
C-
G-
D-
1
H-
A
You identify several null mutations (a complete deletion of the gene). For each mutant (ind
with a - sign), determine whether the final product (I, J, K or L) is inducible, uninducible, or
constitutive.
2 B
3 C
4 D
inducible
inducible
constitutive
uninducible
constitutive
inducible
inducible
E
uninducible
F
G
H
>
>
>
An electrophoretic mobility shift assay can be used to
study the binding of proteins to a segment of DNA. In
the results shown here, an EMSA was used to
examine the requirements for the binding of RNA
polymerase |l (from eukaryotic cells) to the promoter of
a protein-encoding gene. The assembly of general
transcription factors and RNA polymerase Il at the core
promoter is described in Week 4. In this experiment,
the segment of DNA containing a promoter sequence
was 1100 bp in length. The fragment was mixed with
various combinations of proteins and then subjected to
an EMSA.
Lane 1: No proteins added
Lane 2: TFIID
Lane 3: TFIIB
Lane 4: RNA polymerase IIl
Lane 5: TFIID + TFIIB
Lane 6: TFIID + RNA
1
2
3
4
5
6.
7
polymerase II
Lane 7: TFIID +
TFIIB + RNA
polymerase Il
1100 bp
Explain the results.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 12.1 - 1. Which of the following base sequences is used...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.2 - With regard to a promoter, a transcriptional start...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.2 - 3. Sigma factor is needed during which stage(s) of...Ch. 12.2 - A uracil-rich sequence occurs at the end of the...Ch. 12.3 - Which RNA polymerase in eukaryotes is responsible...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4COMQ
Ch. 12.4 - Which of the following are examples of RNA...Ch. 12.4 - A ribozyme is a. a complex between RNA and a...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 12.5 - 1. Which of the following is not a key difference...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 3CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 12 - 5. Mutations in bacterial promoters may increase...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 12 - 7. In Chapter 9, we considered the dimensions of...Ch. 12 - 8. A mutation within a gene sequence changes the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 12 - At the molecular level, describe how factor...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 12 - What is the complementarity rule that governs the...Ch. 12 - 13. Describe the movement of the open complex...Ch. 12 - 14. Describe what happens to the chemical bonding...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 17CONQCh. 12 - Mutations that occur at the end of a gene may...Ch. 12 - If the following RNA polymerases were missing from...Ch. 12 - 20. What sequence elements are found within the...Ch. 12 - 21. For each of the following transcription...Ch. 12 - 22. Describe the allosteric and torpedo models for...Ch. 12 - Which eukaryotic transcription factor(s) shown in...Ch. 12 - 24. The initiation phase of eukaryotic...Ch. 12 - A eukaryotic protein-encoding gene contains two...Ch. 12 - 26. Describe the processing events that occur...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 12 - 31. In eukaryotes, what types of modifications...Ch. 12 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 12 - 34. Figure 12.21 shows the products of alternative...Ch. 12 - 35. The processing of ribosomal RNA in eukaryotes...Ch. 12 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 37CONQCh. 12 - After the intron (which is in a lariat...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1EQCh. 12 - 2. Chapter 21 describes a technique known as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3EQCh. 12 - As described in Chapter 21 and in experimental...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5EQCh. 12 - Prob. 6EQCh. 12 - 1. Based on your knowledge of introns and pre-mRNA...Ch. 12 - Discuss the types of RNA transcripts and the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In Northern blot analysis, mRNA samples from tissues are bound to a labeled DNA probe that is complementary to the mRNA, and run on a gel to be visualized. The protein tropomyosin is known to be present in both brain and liver. When brain and liver tissue were assayed for the presence of tropomyosin mature mRNA, bands of two different sizes were seen. Tropomyosin gene diagram (3000 bp total): Shown in attatched image If the band on the Northern blot for mRNA isolated from liver tissue is 2580 bp, whereas from brain tissue the band is 2250 bp, what is most likely? a)The two mRNAs are made from different tropomyosin DNA sequences. b)Exon 2 is alternatively spliced out of the brain mRNA. c)Introns 1 and 2 are spliced out of the brain transcript but not the liver transcript. d)Exons 1 and 3 are spliced out of the brain transcript but not the liver transcript. e)Exon 2 is alternatively spliced out of the liver mRNA.arrow_forwardA mutant strain of Salmonella bacteria carries a mutation of the rho protein that has fully activity at 37°C but is completely inactivated when the mutant strain is grown at 40°C. a)Speculate about the kind of differences you would expect to see if you compared a broad spectrum of mRNAs from the mutant strain grown at 37°C and the same spectrum of mRNAs from the strain when grown at 40°C. b)Are all the mRNAs affected by the rho protein mutation in the same way? Why or why not?arrow_forwardTryptophan synthase is one of the enzymes synthesized from the trp mRNA. In wild-type E. coli, the trp mRNA has a short half-life, but the tryptophan synthase half-life is much longer. To investigate how changes to the stability of the enzyme or its mRNA affect enzyme activity, two strains of E. coli were engineered. Strain A stabilizes the trp mRNA and strain B rapidly degrades tryptophan synthase. The wild-type, A, and B strains were grown in a medium with glucose as the sole carbon source. After several generations, tryptophan was added to all three cultures and tryptophan synthase activity was measured periodically. Note: Evaluate each condition as a simple model, where changes in the stability of trp mRNA or tryptophan synthase do not elicit secondary effects in the cells. Select the statements that describe the expected change in tryptophan synthase activity after the addition of tryptophan. In strain B, since both the trp mRNA and tryptophan synthase are rapidly degraded, the…arrow_forward
- For a specific type of mutation at a given location in a particular gene, identify whether it will affect the size of the mRNA, the protein, or both. How would the mutant appear on a gel in comparison to the originalarrow_forwardDescribe how an electrophoretic mobility shift assay is used to determine if a protein binds to DNA or RNA.arrow_forwardPROTEIN X HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR MEDICAL APPLICATION IN HUMAN. IT IS ORIGINALLY FROM A PLANT AND HAD BEEN SUCCESSFULLY CLONED FROM ITS GENE. AFTER MANY ATTEMPTS TO CLONE IT INTO EUKARYOTIC EXPRESSION VECTORS WERE UNSUCCESSFUL, THE RESEARCHER DECIDED TO USE E.COLI EXPRESSION VECTOR. HOW THE RECOMBINANT PROTEIN COULD BE EXPRESSED IN E.COLI EXPRESSION VECTOR.1. STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE PROTEIN EXPRESSION.arrow_forward
- Consider the mechanism of the enzyme RNase: What would happen to the Km (i.e., would it increase, decrease, or stay the same) if the his12 was mutated to a lysine? Explain. What would happen to the Kcat (i.e., would it increase, decrease, or stay the same) if the his12 was mutated to a valine? Explain.arrow_forwardA newly identified protein from the cells of the Panopyra plant on Pandora was shown to inhibit translation of its target genes by binding to the 5’ UTR of the mRNA and preventing ribosome binding. A possible way this inhibition may be relieved by an sRNA would be: Group of answer choices 1.The sRNA acts as a marker, flagging the inhibitory protein for ubiquitination and allowing translation to take place. 2.The sRNA acts as a decoy, sequestering the inhibitory protein and allowing translation to take place. 3.The sRNA acts as an enhancer, suppressing the inhibitory protein and allowing translation to take place. 4.The sRNA acts as a silencer, suppressing the inhibitory protein and allowing translation to take place. Which one is the correct?arrow_forwardDescribes a method known as Western blotting that can be used to detect a polypeptide that is translated from a particular mRNA. In this method, a particular polypeptide or protein is detected by an antibody that specifically recognizes a segment of its amino acid sequence. After the antibody binds to the polypeptide within a gel, a secondary antibody (which is labeled) is used to visualize the polypeptide as a dark band.For example, an antibody that recognizes α-galactosidase A couldbe used to specifically detect the amount of α-galactosidase A proteinon a gel. The enzyme α-galactosidase A is defective in individuals with Fabry disease, which shows an X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance. Amy, Nan, and Pete are siblings, and Pete has Fabry disease. Aileen, Jason, and Jerry are brothers and sister, and Jerry has Fabry disease. Amy, Nan, and Pete are not related to Aileen, Jason, and Jerry. Amy, Nan, and Aileen are concerned that they could be carriers of a defective…arrow_forward
- What is the minimum length of time required for the synthesis by E. coli polymerase of an mRNA encoding a 100- kDa protein?arrow_forwardNegative supercoiling of DNA favors the transcription of genes because it facilitates unwinding. However, not all promoter sites are stimulated by negative supercoiling. The promoter site for topoisomerase II itself is a noteworthy exception. Negative supercoiling decreases the rate of transcription of this gene. Propose a possible mechanism for this effect and suggest a reason why it may occur.arrow_forwardThe ability to selectively modify the genome in the mouse has revolutionized mouse genetics. Outline the procedure for generating a knockout mouse at a specific genetic locus. How can the loxP-Cre system be used to conditionally knock out a gene? What is an important medical application of knockout mice?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY