Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12, Problem 38CONQ
After the intron (which is in a lariat configuration) is released during pre-mRNA splicing, a brief moment occurs before the two exons are connected to each other. Which snRNP(s) hold(s) the exons in place so they can be covalently connected to each other?
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Introns are often very large and the cell has devoted mechanisms of eliminating them once they are excised from the pre-mRNA. Following intron excision, what specific ribonucleolytic enzymes or complexes contribute to eliminating the intron RNA immediately after it is excised from the pre-mRNA? Briefly describe the role of each step/enzyme and how it affects its RNA substrate
When an intron is undergoing the first step in splicing, where is the first breakage of the phosphodiester backbone that occurs? (Explain)
(b)
Hemoglobin is made of B-globin subunits. The first few mRNA nucleotides for B-
globin are given by:
(1)
(iii)
(iv)
Write down the DNA sequence that has led to this mRNA and indicate the
sense and non-sense strands and the polarity.
CE
Derive the polypeptide for the sequence using the table of the genetic code
(Table Q1 below) and indicate the polarity of the polypeptide chain.
First
Position
(5' end)
U
A single point mutation in mRNA sequence can cause sickle cell anemia by
changing the amino acid Glu to Val. For the given mRNA, indicate the point
mutations for the first Glu in the polypeptide sequence that can cause this
disease.
5'-AUGGUCCACCUGACUCCUGAGGAGAAG...UGA-3'
C
The polypeptide of B-globin contains the amino acid Leu. Write down all the
anticodons of the tRNA molecules that can potentially code for Val. Indicate
the polarity of the anti-codon.
A
G
Table 1. The Codons of the Genetic Code
Second Position
U
Phe
Phe
Leu
Leu
Leu
Leu
Leu
Leu
Ile
Ile
Ile
Met-Start
Val
Val
Val…
Chapter 12 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 12.1 - 1. Which of the following base sequences is used...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.2 - With regard to a promoter, a transcriptional start...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.2 - 3. Sigma factor is needed during which stage(s) of...Ch. 12.2 - A uracil-rich sequence occurs at the end of the...Ch. 12.3 - Which RNA polymerase in eukaryotes is responsible...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4COMQ
Ch. 12.4 - Which of the following are examples of RNA...Ch. 12.4 - A ribozyme is a. a complex between RNA and a...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 12.5 - 1. Which of the following is not a key difference...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 3CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 12 - 5. Mutations in bacterial promoters may increase...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 12 - 7. In Chapter 9, we considered the dimensions of...Ch. 12 - 8. A mutation within a gene sequence changes the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 12 - At the molecular level, describe how factor...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 12 - What is the complementarity rule that governs the...Ch. 12 - 13. Describe the movement of the open complex...Ch. 12 - 14. Describe what happens to the chemical bonding...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 17CONQCh. 12 - Mutations that occur at the end of a gene may...Ch. 12 - If the following RNA polymerases were missing from...Ch. 12 - 20. What sequence elements are found within the...Ch. 12 - 21. For each of the following transcription...Ch. 12 - 22. Describe the allosteric and torpedo models for...Ch. 12 - Which eukaryotic transcription factor(s) shown in...Ch. 12 - 24. The initiation phase of eukaryotic...Ch. 12 - A eukaryotic protein-encoding gene contains two...Ch. 12 - 26. Describe the processing events that occur...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 12 - 31. In eukaryotes, what types of modifications...Ch. 12 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 12 - 34. Figure 12.21 shows the products of alternative...Ch. 12 - 35. The processing of ribosomal RNA in eukaryotes...Ch. 12 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 37CONQCh. 12 - After the intron (which is in a lariat...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1EQCh. 12 - 2. Chapter 21 describes a technique known as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3EQCh. 12 - As described in Chapter 21 and in experimental...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5EQCh. 12 - Prob. 6EQCh. 12 - 1. Based on your knowledge of introns and pre-mRNA...Ch. 12 - Discuss the types of RNA transcripts and the...
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- The following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATGATAGCACCAGACTCGCAarrow_forwardConsider the following mRNA base sequence 5' CUG-CAC 3' (a) What dipeptide is coded for by this mRNA? (b) What dipeptide is formed if a mutation converts CUG to CUU? (c) What dipeptide is formed if a mutation converts CAC to CGC? (d) What dipeptide is formed if a mutation converts CUG to CUU and CAC to CGC?arrow_forwardHydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forward
- The following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATGATAGCCAGACTCGCAarrow_forwardAssume the following portion of an mRNA. Find a start signal, and writethe amino acid sequence that is coded for.5′...GCCAUGUUUCCGAGUUAUCCCAAAGAUAAAAAAGAG...3′arrow_forwardThe mRNA formed from the repeating tetranucleotide UUACincorporates only three amino acids, but the use of UAUC incorporates four amino acids. Why?arrow_forward
- A eukaryotic cell carrying out transcription and RNA processing is incubated with 32P-labeled ATP. Where will the radioactive isotope appear in mature mRNA if the ATP is labeled at the (a) α position, (b) β position, and (c) γ position?arrow_forwardAs shown in the following diagram, a pre-mRNA contains seven exons, which are numbered in black, and six introns, which are numbered in green. A splicing repressor binds at the 3′ splice site at the end of intron 4, which is just before exon 5. What exons will be included in the mature mRNA?arrow_forwardWhich statement is false: A) Each type of protein ( ex: hemoglobin vs trypsionngen) varies in the length and amino acid sequence of its peptide B) After the rpocess of transcription is complete, the mRNA that is produced will continue being tranlsated by ribosomes for the rest of the cells life. mRNA never breaks down C) A ribosome will bind to an mRNA and will translate the sequence by reading one codon at a time and adding one amino acid to the peptide chain. It will stop the translation once it encounters a stop codon D) The gene for a protein provides the information on the legth of the peptide, along w the amino acid sequence so the protein can be synthesized by a ribosome E) Once mRNA has left the nucleus, ribosomes will bind to it and will follow the instructions in its sequence to make the new protienarrow_forward
- If methionine is always the first amino acid incorporated into an oligopeptide, what oligopeptide is coded for by the following stretch of mRNA?arrow_forwardIn eukaryotes there is not a consistent relationship between the length of the coding sequence of a gene and the length of the mature mRNA it encodes, even though one nucleotide in DNA = one nucleotide in pre-mRNA or primary transcript. Explain why this is so.arrow_forwardThe asterisk (*) in the diagram below indicates a single base mutation in the 5' splice site of the second intron of a eukaryotic gene. Due to this mutation, the second intron is now not ‘spliced out’ during the splicing process. What are the most likely consequences of this mutation with respect to the size of the pre-mRNA and the size of the mature mRNA? a. The pre-mRNA will be longer and the mature mRNA will be longer. b. The pre-mRNA will be longer and the size of the mature mRNA will not be affected c. The size of the pre-mRNA will not be affected and the mature mRNA will be longer d. The size of the pre-mRNA will not be affected and the size of the mature mRNA will not be affectedarrow_forward
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