Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12, Problem 10CONQ
At the molecular level, describe how σ factor recognizes a bacterial promoter. Be specific about the structure of
factor and the type of
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What is the meaning of the term consensus sequence? Give an example. Describe the locations of consensus sequences within bacterial promoters. What are their functions?
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a) % GC (= # of G and C’s in the guide RNA sequence divided by 20 – the length of the guide RNA; this may also be called GC content)
b) Self-complementarity:
c)
Off-Targets (0, 1, 2, 3). In your answer, explain what the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3 indicate. For example - Is it better to have off-target sites or no off-target sites? Are off-targets in the 1 column more or less likely to decrease efficiency than off-targets in the 3 column?
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 12.1 - 1. Which of the following base sequences is used...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.2 - With regard to a promoter, a transcriptional start...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.2 - 3. Sigma factor is needed during which stage(s) of...Ch. 12.2 - A uracil-rich sequence occurs at the end of the...Ch. 12.3 - Which RNA polymerase in eukaryotes is responsible...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4COMQ
Ch. 12.4 - Which of the following are examples of RNA...Ch. 12.4 - A ribozyme is a. a complex between RNA and a...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 12.5 - 1. Which of the following is not a key difference...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 3CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 12 - 5. Mutations in bacterial promoters may increase...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 12 - 7. In Chapter 9, we considered the dimensions of...Ch. 12 - 8. A mutation within a gene sequence changes the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 12 - At the molecular level, describe how factor...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 12 - What is the complementarity rule that governs the...Ch. 12 - 13. Describe the movement of the open complex...Ch. 12 - 14. Describe what happens to the chemical bonding...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 17CONQCh. 12 - Mutations that occur at the end of a gene may...Ch. 12 - If the following RNA polymerases were missing from...Ch. 12 - 20. What sequence elements are found within the...Ch. 12 - 21. For each of the following transcription...Ch. 12 - 22. Describe the allosteric and torpedo models for...Ch. 12 - Which eukaryotic transcription factor(s) shown in...Ch. 12 - 24. The initiation phase of eukaryotic...Ch. 12 - A eukaryotic protein-encoding gene contains two...Ch. 12 - 26. Describe the processing events that occur...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 12 - 31. In eukaryotes, what types of modifications...Ch. 12 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 12 - 34. Figure 12.21 shows the products of alternative...Ch. 12 - 35. The processing of ribosomal RNA in eukaryotes...Ch. 12 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 37CONQCh. 12 - After the intron (which is in a lariat...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1EQCh. 12 - 2. Chapter 21 describes a technique known as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3EQCh. 12 - As described in Chapter 21 and in experimental...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5EQCh. 12 - Prob. 6EQCh. 12 - 1. Based on your knowledge of introns and pre-mRNA...Ch. 12 - Discuss the types of RNA transcripts and the...
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- Give examples of structural motifs found in transcription factors that interact with other proteins instead of DNA.arrow_forwardlist other biological examples in which specific (bacteriophage specificity) protein interactions are involved.arrow_forwardAnswer these questions concerning promoters. a) What role do promoters play in transcription? b) What is the common structure of bacterial promoter with respect to consensus sequences? c) Eukaryotic promoters are more variable than bacterial promoters. Why? d) What is the meaning of the term alternative promoter? How does the use of alternative promoters affect transcription?arrow_forward
- Describe a bacterial operon's structural advantage. Explain transcriptional stages such as initiation, elongation, and termination. In this article, please explain on the involvement of the sigma factor, elongation processes, and attenuation.arrow_forwardConsider the following sequence fragment of an mRNA. Which of the miRNAS below would be competent for gene silencing? 5'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-3' 5'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-3 5'-UACGUUCGUAACCGGUUCGAA-3' 5'-AAGCUUGGUUAAUGCUUGCAU-3' 5'-UUCGAACCAAUUACGAACGUA-3' 3'-UUCGAACCAAUUACGAACGUA-5 3'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-5'arrow_forwardDescribe the characteristics of a bacterial promoter.arrow_forward
- Write out the sequences of the two conserved elements in the following bacterial promoter. The startpoint of transcription is shown in red. TGCTTGACTCTGTAGCGGGAAGGCGTATTATGCACACCGCGarrow_forwardDescribe how an electrophoretic mobility shift assay is used to determine if a protein binds to DNA or RNA.arrow_forwardWrite the terms that match the definitions given below. A) A sequence in the leader region of the mRNA thought to be responsible for routing the mRNA on the small ribosomal subunit at the beginning of translation. B) In prokaryotes, a promoter consensus sequence located 10 bases upstream from the first base transcribed. C) In eukaryotes, a promoter consensus sequence located 70 bases upstream of the first base to be transcribed. D) In eukaryotes, a promoter consensus sequence located 25 bases upstream from the first base transcribed.arrow_forward
- In the absence of tryptophan and the trpD structural gene contains a frameshift insertion mutation, the structural genes will: [ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed but the protein will be truncated and possibly non-functional", "Be constantly expressed but the protein will be longer and possibly non-functional"] In the presence of tryptophan and the trpD structural gene contains a frameshift insertion mutation, the structural genes will: [ Select ] ["No longer be expressed", "Be constantly expressed but the protein will be truncated and possibly non-functional", "Be constantly expressed but the protein will be longer and possibly non-functional"]arrow_forwardHigh salt concentrations tend to cause protein aggregation. Suggest a way to identify proteins normally expressed in particular bacterial species that can retain their solubility despite high salt conditions.arrow_forwardExplain why knowing the orientation of a promoter is critical when determining the amino acid sequence of an encoded protein.arrow_forward
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Bacterial Genomics and Metagenomics; Author: Quadram Institute;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6IdVTAFXoU;License: Standard youtube license