Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 23CONQ
Which eukaryotic transcription factor(s) shown in Figure 12.14 play(s) a role that is equivalent to that of σ factor in bacterial cells?
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The following logo plot represents the preferred cis-regulatory sequences (i.e.
transcription factor binding site) of bHLH transcription factor FOSL1.
C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
position
Would you expect this sequence to be recognized by a monomer, a homodimer, or a
heterodimer of the protein? Explain your answer.
(short phrases are sufficient; please write your answer into the template below)
A-
В I
A -l expect FOSL1 to bind as a:
(monomer, homodimer, heterodimer; please choose)
B - short explanation:
information content (bit)
!!
Consider the now dominant variant of the SARS-CoV-2 called the D614G mutation:
a) The mutation changes an Aspartate (D, Asp) to a Glycine (G, Gly) at nucleotide position 614 (that’s why it’s called the D614G mutant) in the S1 subunit of the Spike protein. Using only the information above and a codon table, what are the mRNA codon sequences of the 2019-dominant and 2020-dominant Spike proteins? Note the figure above is not needed toanswer the question. Report in 5’ to 3' orientation __________________________________________
b) What type of substitution is this? In your answer, address the following: • The expected substitution in base sequence (e.g., A à C)• If the mutation is synonymous, nonsynonymous, or a frameshift• If the mutation is a transition or a transversion
c) The mutation increases infectivity by reducing the stability of the Spike protein such that it can remain in the open conformation more often. The open conformation increases the chances of binding to the host ACE2…
(c) By binding one L-tryptophan molecule/monomer, the trp repressor binds to DNA to suppress syn-
thesis of L-tryptophan in E. coli. Below is the amino acid sequence of the helix – (reverse) turn – helix
region of the trp repressor that binds to DNA compared to the sequence of the corresponding DNA
binding motif of the Prl protein, a different type of repressor protein. A diagram of the trp repressor
dimer is also shown.
reverse turn
trp helix 4
70
Trp
-Gly-Glu-Met-Ser-Gln-Arg-Glu-Leu-Lys-Asn-Glu-Leu-Gly-Ala-Gly-
Ile-
Prl
-Ser-Glu-Glu-Ala-Lys-Glu-Glu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Cys-Gly-Ile-Thr-
Val-
Pri heilix
trp helix 5
80
90
Trp
Ala-Thr-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gly-Ser sgn-Ser-Leu-Lys-Ala-Ala-
Prl
Ser-Gln-Val-Ser-Asn-Trp-Phe-Gly-Asn-Lys-Arg-Ile-Arg-
Prl helix
Chapter 12 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 12.1 - 1. Which of the following base sequences is used...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.2 - With regard to a promoter, a transcriptional start...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.2 - 3. Sigma factor is needed during which stage(s) of...Ch. 12.2 - A uracil-rich sequence occurs at the end of the...Ch. 12.3 - Which RNA polymerase in eukaryotes is responsible...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4COMQ
Ch. 12.4 - Which of the following are examples of RNA...Ch. 12.4 - A ribozyme is a. a complex between RNA and a...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 12.5 - 1. Which of the following is not a key difference...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 3CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 12 - 5. Mutations in bacterial promoters may increase...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 12 - 7. In Chapter 9, we considered the dimensions of...Ch. 12 - 8. A mutation within a gene sequence changes the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 12 - At the molecular level, describe how factor...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 12 - What is the complementarity rule that governs the...Ch. 12 - 13. Describe the movement of the open complex...Ch. 12 - 14. Describe what happens to the chemical bonding...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 17CONQCh. 12 - Mutations that occur at the end of a gene may...Ch. 12 - If the following RNA polymerases were missing from...Ch. 12 - 20. What sequence elements are found within the...Ch. 12 - 21. For each of the following transcription...Ch. 12 - 22. Describe the allosteric and torpedo models for...Ch. 12 - Which eukaryotic transcription factor(s) shown in...Ch. 12 - 24. The initiation phase of eukaryotic...Ch. 12 - A eukaryotic protein-encoding gene contains two...Ch. 12 - 26. Describe the processing events that occur...Ch. 12 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 12 - 31. In eukaryotes, what types of modifications...Ch. 12 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 12 - 34. Figure 12.21 shows the products of alternative...Ch. 12 - 35. The processing of ribosomal RNA in eukaryotes...Ch. 12 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 12 - Prob. 37CONQCh. 12 - After the intron (which is in a lariat...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1EQCh. 12 - 2. Chapter 21 describes a technique known as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3EQCh. 12 - As described in Chapter 21 and in experimental...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5EQCh. 12 - Prob. 6EQCh. 12 - 1. Based on your knowledge of introns and pre-mRNA...Ch. 12 - Discuss the types of RNA transcripts and the...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What would happen to the regulation of the tryptophan operon in bacterial cells that express a mutant form of the tryptophan repressor that (1) cannot bind to DNA, (2) cannot bind tryptophan, or (3) binds to DNA even in the absence of tryptophan?arrow_forwardUsing the transcription unit diagrammed below, in which exons are represented by blue boxes and introns are represented by the connecting lines. You discover a single base deletion in region E of this DNA sequence. Regarding transcription, this mutation will likely: 1.) Result in an alteration to the mRNA sequence. 2.)Have no effect on transcription or the mRNA sequence 3.)Prevent transcription at the TATAA box 4.) Result in an increase or decrease in the amount of mRNA transcribedarrow_forwardGenes can be transcribed into mRNA, in the case of protein coding genes, or into RNA, in the case of genes such as those that encode ribosomal or transfer RNAs. Define a gene. For the following characteristics, state whether they apply to (a) continuous, (b) simple, or (c) complex transcription units.i. Found in eukaryotesii. Contain intronsiii. Capable of making only a single protein from a given genearrow_forward
- The RB (retinoblastoma) protein normally [ Select] ["keep a transcription factor in an inactive state", "keep a transcription factor in an active state", "keep the CDK in a phosphorylated state", "block the function of the APC"] ...But it can be deactivated by [ Select ] ["ubiquitination", "methylation", "phosphorylation", "the use of a GAP"] .Mutations in Rb can lead to cancer because these mutations [ Select ] ["result in constitutive transcription leading to promotion of the cell cycle", "keep CDKs off", "deactivate p53", "increase the production of growth hormones"] PLEASE SELCET THE CORRECT ONE FOR SECTION ONE . EACH SENTECNE HAVE 4 SECTION TO PICK FROM.arrow_forwardFor the ovalbumin gene shown, indicate the locations of the following: (a) transcription start site, (b) template strand, and (c) promoter.arrow_forwardThe interphase nucleus is a highly structured organelle with chromosome territories, interchromatin compartments, and transcription factories. In cultured human cells, researchers have identified approximately 8000 transcription factories per cell, each containing an average of eight tightly associated RNAP II molecules actively transcribing RNA. If each RNAP II molecule is transcribing a different gene, how might such a transcription factory appear? Provide a simple diagram that shows eight different genes being transcribed in a transcription factory and include the promoters, structural genes, and nascent transcripts in your presentation.arrow_forward
- Explain how the following mutations would affect transcription of the yeast GAL1 gene in the presence of galactose. (a) A deletion within the GAL4 gene that removes the region encoding amino acids 1 to 100. (b) A deletion of the entire GAL3 gene. (c) A mutation within the GAL80 gene that blocks the ability of Gal80 protein to interact with Gal3p. (d) A deletion of one of the four UASG elements upstream from the GAL1 gene. (e) A point mutation in the GAL1 core promoter that alters the sequence of the TATA box.arrow_forwardWhere in a eukaryotic cell does the molecular product of transcription (Eukaryotic Transcription) go after transcription finishes?arrow_forward4.1 Name and discuss two transcription regulatory elements that can be found in the figure. (6)4.2. During the activation of eukaryotic transcription the promoter region needs to be accessible for the binding of transcription factors. Describe in detail one of the mechanisms involved in this process.arrow_forward
- Why is transcription a particularly important level of gene regulation in both bacteria and eukaryotes?arrow_forwardExplain the fundamental differences between negative control and positive control of transcription in prokaryotes. Cite two examples of each control mechanism.arrow_forwardHow does the intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II contribute to the regulation of transcription?arrow_forward
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