Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 2PDQ
Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 215. These all center on how genetic information is stored in DNA and transferred to RNA prior to translation into proteins. Write a short essay that summarizes the key properties of the genetic code and the process by which RNA is transcribed on a DNA template.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
briefly explain the importance of the degeneracy of the genetic code in the translation process. do not simply define the given
Explain the significance of the following statement: The functioning of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases is referred to as the second genetic code.
As we focused on the genetic code and the transcription of genetic information stored in DNA into complementary RNA molecules. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions:
Question: How do we know that the initial transcript of a eukaryotic gene contains noncoding sequences that must be removed before accurate translation into proteins can occur?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 12 - CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works A...Ch. 12 -
CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works
A...Ch. 12 -
CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works
A...Ch. 12 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on the...Ch. 12 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 215. These...Ch. 12 - In studies of frameshift mutations, Crick,...Ch. 12 -
4. The mRNA formed from the repeating...Ch. 12 - In studies using repeating copolymers, AC......Ch. 12 - Prob. 6PDQCh. 12 - Prob. 7PDQ
Ch. 12 -
8. When the amino acid sequences of insulin...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9PDQCh. 12 - Why doesn't polynucleotide phosphorylase (Ochoa's...Ch. 12 - Refer to Table 12.1. Can you hypothesize why a...Ch. 12 -
12. Predict the amino acid sequence produced...Ch. 12 - A short RNA molecule was isolated that...Ch. 12 - A glycine residue exists at position 210 of the...Ch. 12 - Shown here is a theoretical viral mRNA sequence...Ch. 12 -
16. Most proteins have more leucine than...Ch. 12 - Define the process of transcription. Where does...Ch. 12 - Describe the structure of RNA polymerase in...Ch. 12 - In a written paragraph, describe the abbreviated...Ch. 12 - Messenger RNA molecules are very difficult to...Ch. 12 - One form of posttranscriptional modification of...Ch. 12 - In a mixed copolymer experiment, messages were...Ch. 12 -
23. Shown in this problem are the amino acid...Ch. 12 - Alternative splicing is a common mechanism for...Ch. 12 - The genetic code is degenerate. Amino acids are...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The code for a fully functional protein is actually coming from an mRNA transcript that has undergone post-transcriptional processing which is essentially way too different from the original code in the DNA template. Given: GUC-CAC-UUA-ACC-CCU-GAG-GAG-AAA-UCG-GCC (Protein with known amino acid sequence) Requirement: Original DNA code. Itemize the steps you would take to get to know the original DNA code of the protein in focus.arrow_forwardThe diagram below depicts an active transcription bubble after a short period of RNA synthesis during the transcription process of a prokaryotic gene. Redraw the diagram and label parts (i) to (v) on the diagram. Motivate your answers. (i) the template and the non-template strands; (ii) the orientation (direction) of both DNA strands and that of the newly synthesised RNA strand; (iii) the location of a possible promotor sequence; (iv) the location of a possible Shine-Dalgarno sequence; (v) the specific area of activity of a RNA polymerase.arrow_forwardHydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forward
- The code for a fully functional protein is actually coming from an mRNA transcript that has undergone post-transcriptional processing which is essentially way too different from the original code in the DNA template. Given: Val-His-Leu-Thr-Pro-Glu-Glu (Protein with known amino acid sequence) Requirement: Original DNA code. Itemize the steps you would take to get to know the original DNA code of the protein in focus.arrow_forwardDiscuss why the genetic code is said to be degenerate.arrow_forwardDiscuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes cells more robust to mutations.arrow_forward
- point: Gene expression and gene regulation - Google Chrome 1/mod/quiz/attempt.php?attempt=D1168284&cmid=3372885 5. uc The following segment of DNA codes a protein. The uppercase letters represent exons, the lowercase letters red introns. Draw the pre-mRNA, the mature mRNA and translate the codons using the genetic code to form th protein. Identify the 5'UTR and 3'UTR. out of 5'-AGGAAATGAAATGCCAgaattgccggatgacGGTCAGCaatcgaGCACATTTGTGATTTACCGT-3" g question A B. 三 X2 =三三 囲 Y pre-MRNA:| I囲2 Larrow_forwardConsider this list (below) of steps involved in translation. These steps are out of order. TRANSLATION: 1. the small and large ribosomal sub-units unite2. two amino acids join together.3. another tRNA anti-codon bonds with another mRNA codon 4. an initial tRNA bearing a specific amino acid arrives at the ribosome 5. the process continues until a protein molecule is completed6. at the synthesis site, initial mRNA codons are insertedarrow_forwardWhat does “Universality and Degeneracy” of the Genetic Code mean? State the significance of both the code’s Universality and Degeneracy.arrow_forward
- What is the biological significance of the extensive degeneracy of the genetic code?arrow_forwardA.C. 3.4 Q1. Protein synthesis is carried out by the processes of transcription and translation. A short length of DNA is shown: TACTCGTCGACGATGATC First base (a) State how many codons are present. (b) Using the table below, find the sequence of amino acids resulting from the transcription and translation of the length of DNA. Show your working. U U UUU Phenyl- UCU UUC alanine F UCC UCA -Leucine Lucc UUG-Le G CUU CUC CUA CUG A AUA -Leucine L AUU I AUC Isoleucine Methionine start codon AUG MMet GUUT GUC GUA GUG -Valine V CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA ACG C GCUT GCC GCA GCG Second base -Serine S -Proline P -Threonine -Alanine UAUT UAC A UAA UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG A Tyrosine Y Stop codon Stop codon -Histidine H -Glutamine AAA TAAG-Lysine AAC-Asparagine N GAU Aspartic GAC acid D GAG Glutamic G UGU-Cysteine C E UGC UGA UGG AGU AGC KAGG-Arginine CGUT CGC CGA CGG GGUT GGC GGA GGGJ Stop codon A Tryptophan -Arginine R Serine S R Glycine UCAG G SCAG SCAQ SCAG Third basearrow_forwardWhat is an Okazaki fragment, and how are they later “glued” together? What are the types and major functions for each type of RNA? Define transcription and translation. Which process occurs first to make protein from DNA? In what direction does a polymerase move when synthesizing a strand of mRNA? What mRNA sequence is synthesized from a section of DNA that is 3’-TTGACCT-5’?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168130Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark WomblePublisher:OpenStax College
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168130
Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher:OpenStax College
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Mechanisms of Genetic Change or Evolution; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5FE8WvGzS4Q;License: Standard Youtube License