Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 12PDQ
Predict the amino acid sequence produced during translation of the short theoretical mRNA sequences below. (Note that the second sequence was formed from the first by a deletion of only one
Sequence 1: 5'-AUGCCGGAUUAUAGUUGA-3'
Sequence 2: 5'-AUGCCGGAUUAAGUUGA-3'
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Given the mRNA sequence below, 5'-UUCCCAAAGUAU-3'Answer the following below:1. What is the sequence of amino acids using the table of genetic code? (three-letter abbreviation)2. Given the situation that a mutation occurs by substitution of the 12th nucleotide with cytidine 5'-monophosphate, what is the resulting amino acid sequence?3. What type of mutation occured? Specific what type under frameshift and point mutations
Predict the amino acid sequence produced during translation by the following short hypothetical mRNA sequences (note that the second sequence was formed from the first by a deletion of only one nucleotide): Sequence 1: 5'-AUGCCGGAUUAUAGUUGA-3'Sequence 2: 5'-AUGCCGGAUUAAGUUGA-3'What type of mutation gave rise to sequence 2?
Consider the following original coding sequence of a gene that codes for a short 5-
amino acid polypeptide:
5'-ATGGGCTCGAACTCATAA-3'
Using the genetic code and the amino acid table below, which of the following
sequences arises from a non-conservative missense mutation in the original
sequence shown above?
First base in codon
U
U
A
UUU
UUC-
UUA
UUG-
CUU
CUC
CUA
CUG-
U
Phe (F)
Leu (L)
Leu (L)
Second base in codon
Val (V)
UCU -
UCC
UCA
UCG
CCU
CCC
CCA
CCG
AUU
ACU-
AUC Ile (1)
ACC
AUA-
ACA
AUG Met (M) start ACG
GUU
GCU-
GUC
GCC
GUA
GCA
GUG
GCG-
C
Ser (S)
Pro (P)
Thr (T)
Ala (A)
UAU
UAC
UAAT
UAG
CAU
CAC
CAA
CAG
AAU
AAC
AAA
AAG
GAU
GAC
GAA
GAG
A
Tyr (Y)
STOP
His (H)
Gln (Q)
Asn (N)
Lys (K)
Asp (D)
Glu (E)
G
UGU
UGC
UGA STOP
UGG Trp (W)
Cys (C)
CGU
CGC
CGA
CGG
AGU
AGC
AGA 1
AGG
GGU-
GGC
GGA
GGG
Arg (R)
Ser (S)
Arg (R)
Gly (G)
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
Last base in codon
Chapter 12 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 12 - CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works A...Ch. 12 -
CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works
A...Ch. 12 -
CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works
A...Ch. 12 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on the...Ch. 12 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 215. These...Ch. 12 - In studies of frameshift mutations, Crick,...Ch. 12 -
4. The mRNA formed from the repeating...Ch. 12 - In studies using repeating copolymers, AC......Ch. 12 - Prob. 6PDQCh. 12 - Prob. 7PDQ
Ch. 12 -
8. When the amino acid sequences of insulin...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9PDQCh. 12 - Why doesn't polynucleotide phosphorylase (Ochoa's...Ch. 12 - Refer to Table 12.1. Can you hypothesize why a...Ch. 12 -
12. Predict the amino acid sequence produced...Ch. 12 - A short RNA molecule was isolated that...Ch. 12 - A glycine residue exists at position 210 of the...Ch. 12 - Shown here is a theoretical viral mRNA sequence...Ch. 12 -
16. Most proteins have more leucine than...Ch. 12 - Define the process of transcription. Where does...Ch. 12 - Describe the structure of RNA polymerase in...Ch. 12 - In a written paragraph, describe the abbreviated...Ch. 12 - Messenger RNA molecules are very difficult to...Ch. 12 - One form of posttranscriptional modification of...Ch. 12 - In a mixed copolymer experiment, messages were...Ch. 12 -
23. Shown in this problem are the amino acid...Ch. 12 - Alternative splicing is a common mechanism for...Ch. 12 - The genetic code is degenerate. Amino acids are...
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- 5' AGGGUUUGGGAUGAAUCGACGACGAUCCUACGUACUAAGUA 3' Write the amino acid sequence for this portion of the coding sequence: Write the double-stranded DNA sequence that corresponds to the MRNA above. Label 5' and 3' ends. Would transcription have occurred using the top or bottom strand as the template? Imagine you discover a mutation in the DNA, within the coding sequence of the corresponding mRNA above. You determine that the mutation does not result in a change to amino acid sequence. What is the most likely reason for this?arrow_forwardPredict the amino acid sequence produced during translationof the short theoretical mRNA sequences below. (Notethat the second sequence was formed from the first by a deletionof only one nucleotide.) What type of mutation gave rise tosequence 2? Sequence 1: 5'@AUGCCGGAUUAUAGUUGA@3' Sequence 2: 5'@AUGCCGGAUUAAGUUGA@3'arrow_forwardThe sequence below shows the non-coding strand from the whole of the transcribed region of a very short gene. 5’-GGCTTCTTTAGTACTGGCCAGTGGGATCCAAGTAGGCTGCCATTTCGT-3’ Write out the sequence of the mRNA from this gene in the orientation 5′ → 3′ and, using the genetic code (see Fig. 1. overleaf) deduce the amino acid sequence of the peptide it encodes (NB you should read about the operation of the genetic code prior to attempting this question).arrow_forward
- Consider the following DNA sequence, which codes for a short polypeptide: 5'-ATGGGCTTAGCGTAGGTTAGT-3' Determine the mRNA transcript of this sequence. You have to write these sequences from the 5' end to the 3' end and indicate those ends as shown in the original sequence in order to get the full mark. How many amino acids will make up this polypeptide? Determine the first four anticodons that will be used in order to translate this sequence.arrow_forwardRefer to the DNA sequence provided: 3’ -TACTGAAGCGGCAGCCCCGCATGAGTAGACCTTACT-5’ a. What is the mRNA transcript of the anticoding strand of the DNA model? b. What is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain that will be translated from the mRNA in (a)?arrow_forwardConsider the following DNA template: 5’-AAGAGGTTCCAATGCAGGCACTCACCAACTCTTAAATAAA-3’ 3’-TTCTCCAAGGTTACGTCCGTGAGTGGTTGAGAATTTATTT-5’ If the bottom DNA strand is used as template to transcribe mRNA, predict the amino acid sequence that would result from the process of translation. Met-Ala-Leu-Thr-Gln-Glu-Gly Met-Gly-Ser-Leu-Asn-Ser-Gln Met-Thr-Asn-Ser-Leu-Ala-Gln Met-Gln-Ala-Leu-Thr-Asn-Ser Met-Glu-Ala-His-Trp-Ser-Tyrarrow_forward
- Refer to the DNA sequence provided:3’ -TACTGAAGCGGCAGCCCCGCATGAGTAGACCTTACT-5’ b. What is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain that will be translated from the mRNAin (a)? (The question for A is this: What is the mRNA transcript of the anticoding strand of the DNA model?)arrow_forward) A normal mRNA that reads 5'- UGCCAUGGUAAUAACACAUGAAGGCCUGAAC-3' was an insertion mutation that changes the sequence to 5'- UGCCAUGGUUAAUAACACAUGAGGCGUGAAC-3'. Translate the original mRNA and the mutated mRNA and explain how insertion mutations can have dramatic effects on proteins. ( Hint; Be sure to find the initiation site).arrow_forwardWrite the sequence of the mRNA molecule synthesized from a DNA template strand having the sequence 5'-ATTACAGGCGGT-3' 5'- UAAUGUCCGCCA Incorrect Write the amino acid sequence encoded by the mRNA base sequence 5'-GAGUUAGUUUGUAAGUGC-3' Assume the reading frame starts at the 5' end. Refer to the codon table . Amino acid sequence: Glu-Leu-Val-Cys-Lys-Cys What is the sequence of the polypeptide formed on addition of poly(UUAC) to a cell-free protein-synthesizing system that does not require a start codon? Enter an amino acid sequence of four amino acids using the three-letter abbreviations. Polypeptide sequence: Poly( -3' Glu-Leu-Val-Cys-Lys-Cysarrow_forward
- For each of the five short mRNA nucleotide sequences given in the table below: 3. Translate the original sequence (for these short sequences start translation at the first nucleotide) 4. Identify (and highlight or underline) the one nucleotide difference between the original (left) and altered (right) sequences 5. For each altered nucleotide sequence give the type of mutation (effect at the DNA/nucleotide level; see #1 above) 6. Translate each changed sequence. Does the mutation result in a change in the amino acid sequence? If so, what is the effect of the mutation on protein structure (amino acid sequence; see #2 above)arrow_forwardGiven the following DNA sequence of the template strand for a given gene: 5' TTTCCGTCTCAGGGCTGAAAATGTTTGCTCATCGAACGC3' Part A ) Write the mRNA that will be transcribed from the DNA sequence above (be sure to label the 5' and 3' ends). Part B ) Use the genetic code to write the peptide sequence translated in a cell from the mRNA in part A. Please use the 3 letter abbreviation for each amino acid. Part C: How would the peptide synthesized in a cell be different if the mRNA was translated in vitro (i.e. not in the cell)?arrow_forwardGiven the following Wild Type and Mutated DNA sequences: 1.) Identify where the base pair change occurs ( what letter changed?) 2.) For BOTH sequences, write the mRNA strands, define the codon regions and amino acid sequences. 3.) Describe what kind of mutation has occurred (missense, nonsense, or silent), and what effect this may have on the protein. Wild Type DNA Sequence: 3' - AGGCTCGCCTGT - 5' Mutated DNA Sequence: 3' - AGTCTCGCCTGT - 5'arrow_forward
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