Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 16PDQ
Most proteins have more leucine than histidine residues but more histidine than tryptophan residues. Correlate the number of codons for these three amino acids with this information.
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Most proteins have more leucine than histidine residues, but more histidine than tryptophan residues. Correlate the number of codons for these three amino acids with this information.
Codons in the set CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG all code for the amino acid leucine. In this set, the first and second bases are identical; the identity of the third base is irrelevant. For what other sets of codons is the third base also irrelevant? For what amino acid(s) does each set code?
Given the following codons and their corresponding amino acids:
UUU-Phenylalanine
GAA- Glutamate
CAA- Glutamine
AAU- Asparagine
AAC- Asn
AAA- Lysine
UCU- Serine
GGA-Glycine
ACC-Threonine
AUG- Met/ START
codon
CCU- Proline
GUU- Valine
UAU-Tyrosine
UAA- STOP
AGG- Arginine
AUU- Isoleucine
CAU- Histidine
GCU- Alanine
UGU-Cysteir
GAU-Asparti
CUA-Leucine
UGG-Tryptol
CGU-Arginin
Box 1: Show the mRNA sequence which codes for the short peptide, lys-ala-phe-
leu. Include what should come before and after this short message. Don't leave any
spaces between the letters.
Box 2: Show the tRNA anticodon sequence that would line up with the mRNA
strand from Box 1. Don't leave any spaces between the letters.
Box 3 & 4: Show the DNA base sequence that would be found in the DNA double
helix which carries the gene for this peptide. Give the coding strand sequence in Box
3 and template strand sequence in Box 4. Don't leave any spaces between the
letters.
Box 5: What if there was a frameshift at leucine…
Chapter 12 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 12 - CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works A...Ch. 12 -
CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works
A...Ch. 12 -
CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works
A...Ch. 12 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on the...Ch. 12 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 215. These...Ch. 12 - In studies of frameshift mutations, Crick,...Ch. 12 -
4. The mRNA formed from the repeating...Ch. 12 - In studies using repeating copolymers, AC......Ch. 12 - Prob. 6PDQCh. 12 - Prob. 7PDQ
Ch. 12 -
8. When the amino acid sequences of insulin...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9PDQCh. 12 - Why doesn't polynucleotide phosphorylase (Ochoa's...Ch. 12 - Refer to Table 12.1. Can you hypothesize why a...Ch. 12 -
12. Predict the amino acid sequence produced...Ch. 12 - A short RNA molecule was isolated that...Ch. 12 - A glycine residue exists at position 210 of the...Ch. 12 - Shown here is a theoretical viral mRNA sequence...Ch. 12 -
16. Most proteins have more leucine than...Ch. 12 - Define the process of transcription. Where does...Ch. 12 - Describe the structure of RNA polymerase in...Ch. 12 - In a written paragraph, describe the abbreviated...Ch. 12 - Messenger RNA molecules are very difficult to...Ch. 12 - One form of posttranscriptional modification of...Ch. 12 - In a mixed copolymer experiment, messages were...Ch. 12 -
23. Shown in this problem are the amino acid...Ch. 12 - Alternative splicing is a common mechanism for...Ch. 12 - The genetic code is degenerate. Amino acids are...
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- The sequence of a polypeptide is determined by the order of codons that specify the amino acids in the polypeptide. How many different sequences of codons can specify the polypeptide sequence methionine-histidine-lysine? (Use the table to find the number of possibilities.) SECOND BASE UAU UACFTyrosine (Tyr) UAA -Stop codon UAG -Stop codon UUUL UGU Cysteine (Cys) UCU uc UCA FSerine (Ser) uca Uuc Phenylalanine (Phe) UUAL Leucine (Leu) CAU CAC CAA Glutamine (Gin) CAGF UGA -Stop codon uaa -Tryptophan (Trp) CGU сос CGA FArginine (Arg) CU CU Histidine (His) CuA FLeucine (Leu) Cua) Proline (Pro) CCA cca AAU Asparagine (Asn) AGU Serine (Ser) AGC AUU ACU ACC Threonine (Thr) AACF AAA AAGLysine (Lys) AUC Fisoleucine (lle) AUA Methionine (Met) AUG - Start codon ACA ACG AGA AGGFArginine (Arg) GU GACAspartic acid (Asp) GGA GAA Glutamic acid (Glu) Gaa) GcU -Valine (Val) G GUA GCA FAlanine (Ala) Glycine (Gly) 8. 1 4 THIRD BASE 2. FIRST BASEarrow_forwardFor the m-RNA nucleotide codons given below, what is the corresponding sequence of amino acids? AUG UGU AUA UAU GUA AUC ACC UUC UAU GUA ACA UUU UGG AAC AGC UGC CAU GUA UAC CAG AAA CUU GCA GAG CUG GCU UUG AUA UGA The α-helices are known to contain primarily the amino acids methionine, alanine, leucine, glutamate, and lysine, while β-pleated sheets are known to primarily contain the amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, valine, and threonine. Which one of these two types of secondary protein structure is present with this amino acid sequence?arrow_forwardList all possible codons present in a ribonucleotide polymer containing U and G in random sequence. Which amino acids are encoded by this RNA?arrow_forward
- Isoleucine is encoded by three codons (5')AUU, (5')AUC, and (5')AUA. These three codons are recognized by a single tRNAle molecule. Based on the wobble hypothesis, the anticodon sequence in tRNAle must be O (5')AUI O (5')UAG O (5')IAU O (5')UAI O (5')GAUarrow_forwardDetermine the codon sequence for the peptide sequence glycylserylcysteinylarginylalanine. How many possibilities are there?arrow_forwardUsing the codon given for each amino acid (Find the table yourself) write the base sequence of mRNA that would translate the synthesis of the following pentapeptide:Arg · Ile · Cys · Tyr · Valarrow_forward
- The genetic information contained in DNA consists of a linear sequence of coding units known as codons. Each codon consists of three adjacent DNA nucleotides that corresponto a single amino acid in a protien. The E.coli DNA molecule contains 4.70 x 10^6 base pairs. Determine the number of codons that can be present. Assuming that the average protein in E.coli consists of a chain of 400 amino acids, calculate the maximum number of protiens that can be coded by an E.coli DNA molecule.arrow_forwardCompare the codons with a pyrimidine, either U or C, as the second base. Do the majority of the amino acids specified by these codons have hydrophobic or hydrophilic side chains?arrow_forwardWhat are the properties of the wild type amino acid, Tyrosine at position 368? Hint: the amino acids are numbered in order starting at the N-terminus.arrow_forward
- What amino acid sequence is encoded by the codon sequence ACGCAGCGCCCGGUC? Use the 3 letter abbreviation with hyphens and no spaces in between.arrow_forwardUsing the codon given for each amino acid (Find the table yourself) write the base sequence of mRNA that would translate the synthesis of the following pentapeptide:Arg · Ile · Cys · Tyr · Vaarrow_forwardWhen the amino acid sequences of insulin isolated from different organisms were determined, differences were noted. For example, alanine was substituted for threonine, serine for glycine, and valine for isoleucine at corresponding positions in the protein. List the single-base changes that could occur in codons of the genetic code to produce these amino acid changes.arrow_forward
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