Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Question
Chapter 11.3, Problem 5R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effect of nonfunctional cohesin protein on the cell cycle.
Introduction:
The cell cycle occurs in a cell, which causes the cell to divide. In this process, the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is duplicated and divided equally into two daughter cells. In eukaryotes, the cell cycle is divided into two phases, the M (mitotic) phase, and the interphase. The interphase is subdivided into three phases, which are G (gap)1 phase, G2 phase, and S (synthesis) phase.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.3 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.3 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.3 - Prob. 3R
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.3 - Prob. 5RCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.4 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.4 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.5 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.5 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.5 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.6 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.6 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.6 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.7 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.7 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.7 - Prob. 3R
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- Explain why we can say that M-phase of the cell-cycle is triggered by a positive feedback loop. a) What would the consequences be if cohesins were working normally but condensins were not? and b) what stage of the cell cycle would this cause problems in? Why is it important for the centrosome to duplicate during G1-G2 (interphase) before M phase? The kinetochores serve as a link between the sister chromatids and the microtubules attached to the mitotic spindle. a) How are microtubules still able to exhibit dynamic instability after they are bound to the sister chromatids and b) why is this important to mitosis? As the name suggests, the Anaphase-promoting-complex (APC), promotes the 4th phase of mitosis by separating the sister chromatids so they can travel to separate poles of the cell, and prevents them from being re-zipped together. Describe how APC does these two things (Hint: one involves M-cyclin and the other involves…arrow_forwardUnder normal conditions, what happens to the cell cycle if the chromosomes fail to separate properly at anaphase?arrow_forwardName the phases of the cell cycle. b) During which phases are the chromosomes and then the cytoplasm split, respectively? c) Describe one mechanism that is used to regulate the cell cycle.arrow_forward
- In cell cycle, under the control system, explain in details (including roles of related proteins): a) How mitogens trigger transcription of genes for entry into S phase. b) During M phase, how M-Cdk can trigger cohesin dissociation as well as Mad2 triggers mitotic checkpoint to delay metaphase to anaphase transition.arrow_forwardWhat cell-cycle events will be affected in a cell that produces mutated (non-functional) cohesin protein?arrow_forward1)Describe what takes place in the three phase of interphase. 2) what are cell cycle checkpoints? Where are they found in the cell cycle? What do they check for?arrow_forward
- The interphase is the part of the eukaryotic cell cycle that is most transcriptionally active. Gene regulation during this phase involves changes in the chromatin. a) What is chromatin? b) How can the chromatin structure change?arrow_forward. 2 3 1 4 . 5 6 I 7. .. (a) Identify the point in mitosis at which separase cleaves the protein complex that holds sister chromatid pairs together. In normal cells, separase is kept in an inactive state until it is needed. Explain how the progression of cells past sequential cell cycle checkpoints and the activity of enzymes such as separase is controlled by interactions between two major groups of regulatory proteins. (b) Identify an independent variable in the experiment graphed in Figure 1. Based on the data in Figure 1, identify a control that shows that Sepin-1 rather than something else in the culture medium is inhibiting the growth of the cancer cells. (c) Based on the data in Table 1, describe the general relationship between the sensitivity of cells to Sepin-1 and the concentration of separase in the cells. Use the Figure 1 data to calculate the ratio between the amount of Sepin-1 required to kill 50% of the cells in the cell line that is most sensitive to the compound and the…arrow_forwardWhy is regulation of the cell cycle necessary?arrow_forward
- For each stage of the cell cycle, describe the events that take place and their functional significance?arrow_forwardBriefly explain: What is meant by the term “cycle” in cell cycle? What is happening in the S phase and M phase?arrow_forwardHow does MPF allow a cell to pass the G2 phase checkpointand enter mitosis? (See Figure 12.16.)arrow_forward
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