What is meant by the term “cycle” in cell cycle? What is happening in the S phase and M phase?
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Briefly explain: What is meant by the term “cycle” in cell cycle? What is happening in the S phase and M phase?
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- Describe the cell cycle overall (not each phase). What is interphase, what are the G phases, and what is S phase?Explain why we can say that M-phase of the cell-cycle is triggered by a positive feedback loop. a) What would the consequences be if cohesins were working normally but condensins were not? and b) what stage of the cell cycle would this cause problems in? Why is it important for the centrosome to duplicate during G1-G2 (interphase) before M phase? The kinetochores serve as a link between the sister chromatids and the microtubules attached to the mitotic spindle. a) How are microtubules still able to exhibit dynamic instability after they are bound to the sister chromatids and b) why is this important to mitosis? As the name suggests, the Anaphase-promoting-complex (APC), promotes the 4th phase of mitosis by separating the sister chromatids so they can travel to separate poles of the cell, and prevents them from being re-zipped together. Describe how APC does these two things (Hint: one involves M-cyclin and the other involves…Name the phases of the cell cycle. b) During which phases are the chromosomes and then the cytoplasm split, respectively? c) Describe one mechanism that is used to regulate the cell cycle.
- In cell cycle, under the control system, explain in details (including roles of related proteins): a) How mitogens trigger transcription of genes for entry into S phase. b) During M phase, how M-Cdk can trigger cohesin dissociation as well as Mad2 triggers mitotic checkpoint to delay metaphase to anaphase transition.What cellular mechanism(s) ensure that passage through the cell cycle is unidirectional and irreversible? What molecular machinery underlies these mechanism(s)?Name the two overarching phases of the cell cycle? How long does the complete cell cycle take in mammalian cells in culture ?
- Which of the following statements best describes the process of phase separation in cells? Proteins can assemble as liquid droplets that are not bounded by a membrane in either the cytoplasm or nucleus A protein can separate into different organelles dependent on the phase of the cell cycle Proteins that are assembled in one phase of the cell cycle and degraded in the next are said to undergo phase separation Signal sequences can target proteins assembled in the cytoplasm into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulumWhat are the four phases of the cell cycle? What is the principal activity in the cell during each phase? Can any phase be eliminated or bypassed?Referring to the graph, what phases together would account for approximately 25% of the time spent from a cell in the cell cycle? A) M phase and S phase B) S phase and M phase C) G1 phase and M phase D) G2 phase and M phase not graded
- Draw a diagram of the cell cycle and label the phases. On your diagram: a) For each phase, indicate whether the chromosomes are condensed or not. b) Indicate the phase(s) when it is possible to do a karyotype c) Indicate the phase-transition(s) where the cell would arrest if you add hydroxyurea.Match the process with the correct phase of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, M). If the process occurs in M phase indicate subphase (ex. telophase). E) ___________________Extra cell membrane is synthesized by the smooth ER. F) ___________________DNA is compacted into chromatin.Explain, How long does a cell take to pass through the cell cycle?