Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 11.5, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason as to why aneuploidy arises.
Introduction:
Aneuploidy is a condition, in which the chromosomes are present in an abnormal amount. This leads to genetic defects in the humans. For example, a person can have 45 or 47 number of chromosomes in the cells, instead of the normal 46 chromosomes. The genetic defects include Edwards and Down syndrome in humans. When the person is born with XXY chromosomes, it causes Klinefelter syndrome and is very rare.
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Describe how nondisjunction results in aneuploidy disorders, and describe the syndrome/ symptoms/ physical characteristics associated with: A) Trisomy 21, and B) your choice of the sex chromosomes (choose from X-, XXX, XXY, or XYY).
(d) With the random segregation of dyads, how many possible
combinations are there at the end of meiosis for a diploid
number of 10?
(e) If half the chromosomes of a human primary oocyte
segregate into the first polar body, which degenerates, why
aren't some of the different kinds of chromosomes of the
diploid chromosome complement absent from the egg?
(f)What is the significance of the formation of polar bodies?
Although triple-X human females typically have normal offspring, what kinds of gametes, with respect to the X chromosomes, would you expect from such XXX females? Draw meiotic stages that show the gametes that are expected to be produced.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.3 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.3 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.3 - Prob. 3R
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.3 - Prob. 5RCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.4 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.4 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.5 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.5 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.5 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.6 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.6 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.6 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.7 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.7 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.7 - Prob. 3R
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- Assume that a meiotic-nondisjunction event causes trisomy 8 in a newborn. If two of the three copies of chromosome 8 are absolutely identical, at what point during meiosis did the nondisjunction event take place?arrow_forwardWhen the tetrads are formed during meiosis, what is the benefit of crossing over?arrow_forwardWhat is the cause of aneuploidy?arrow_forward
- An individual heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation possesses the following chromosomes: A B • C D E F G A B • C D V W X R S • T U E F G R S • T U V W X Q. Draw the pairing arrangement of these chromosomes in prophase I of meiosis.arrow_forwardA human female with Turner syndrome (45,X) alsoexpresses the X-linked trait hemophilia, as did her father.Which of her parents underwent nondisjunction during meiosis,giving rise to the gamete responsible for the syndrome?arrow_forwardA human female with Turner syndrome (45,X) also expresses the X-linked trait hemophilia, as did her father. Which of her parents underwent nondisjunction during meiosis, giving rise to the gamete responsible for the syndrome?arrow_forward
- Why are the homologous regions of the X and Y chromosome important during meiosis?arrow_forwardExplain how nondisjunction in meiosis is responsible for chromosome abnormalities such as Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Turner syndrome.arrow_forwardA man who is a carrier of a translocated 15/21 chromosome marries a genotypically normal woman. (1). Show the possible gametes that will be formed by this man if the translocated 15/21 chromosome synapses with chromosome 21 at Prophase I. (2). What is the probability that the first child of the couple will be a phenotypically normal girl? (3). What is the probability that the first child of the couple will be a genetically normal boy?arrow_forward
- A family has an X-linked dominant form of congenital generalizedhypertrichosis (excessive hairiness). Although the allele is dominant,males are more severely affected than females. Moreover, the womenin the family often have asymmetrical, hairy patches on their bodies.How does X chromosome inactivation explain this observation?arrow_forwardA boy with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is born to a mother who is phenotypically normal and a father who has the X- linked skin condition called anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The boy has patches of normal skin and patches of abnormal skin. Which of the following statemnets likely explains these observations? The father contributed the extra X chromosome in the son as a result of a non-disjunction in meiosis I during spermatogenesis. The mother contributed the extra X chromosome in the son as a result of a non-disjunction in meiosis II during oogenesis. The mother contributed the extra X chromosome in the son as a result of a non-disjunction in meiosis I during oogenesis. The father contributed the extra X chromosome in the son as a result of a non-disjunction in meiosis II during spermatogenesis. Either parent could have contributed to the extra X chromosome in the son as a results of disjunction in either meiosis I or meiosis II during…arrow_forwardDraw a simple sketch illustrating how nondisjunction in meiosis can lead to Down syndrome.arrow_forward
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