Which of these statements about the hormone insulin is true?
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Human Physiology
- The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most body cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following statements is correct? A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further towers blood glucose concentration. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn lowers blood glucose concentration. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn increases blood glucose concentration. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further increases blood glucose concentration. None of the preceding is correct.arrow_forwardndicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a briefexplanation for why it is false.a. Insulin increases the rate of glucose uptake by the tissues.b. Glucagon is the hormone that signals low blood glucose levels.c. The muscles can use glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for fuel.d. Epinephrine stimulates breakdown of glycogen in muscles when there is an immediate needfor energy by muscle cells.e. Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to maintain the blood glucose concentration.f. With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached amaximum) is converted to fat.g. The high potential electrons of NADH enter the respiratory chain at NADH-Q reductase.h. Ubiquinol (QH2) is also the entry point for electrons from NADH of flavoproteins.i. Cytochrome reductase catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to O2.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about type 2 diabetes is true? Select one: A. It is an autoimmune disease. B. It is caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. C. It can result in hyperglycemia. D. It is characterized by a lack of insulin production. E. It is caused by a lack of pancreatic alpha cells. Oarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about insulin is not true? a. The insulin receptor has tyrosine kinase activity. b. Insulin increases fat synthesis in adipose cells. c. Insulin increases glycogen synthesis d. Insulin increases gluconeogenesis reactions.arrow_forwardThe release of insulin from the pancreas is directly regulated by Select one: a. an increase in blood sugar levels b. a decrease in insulin levels c. a decrease in glucagon levels d. an increase in pancreas stimulating hormonearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about insulin is true? a. Insulin acts as a transport protein, cany in g glucose across the cell membrane. b. Insulin facilitates the movement of inti acellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane. c. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. d. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes calcitonin? A. It's released by the adrenal medulla. B. It functions to prevent hypercalcemia C. It's released by the parathyroid glands D. It functions to prevent hypocalcemia .arrow_forwardDiabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by the: a. inadequate production of insulin in the body. b. rapid break down of carbohydrates in the body. c. excessive movement of blood glucose into various body cells. d. failure of the body to produce ketonesarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? a. Blood glucose levels must stay in a specific range. b. Glycogen is broken down to release glucose. c. Type 2 diabetics lack functioning beta cells. d. Insulin stimulates receptors in the liver.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about glucagon is true? a. Glucagon causes glycogen to break down to form glucose. b. Glucagon secretion is highest following a heavy meal. c. Glucagon promotes the uptake of glucose by liver and muscle cells. d. Glucagon works with cortisol to lower blood glucose levels.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true? a. Glycogen is broken down to release glucose. b. Type 2 diabetics lack functioning beta cells. c. Insulin stimulates receptors in the liver.arrow_forwardThe secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla is stimulated by a. adrenocorticotropic hormone. b. increased levels of growth hormone. C. sympathetic nerve innervation. d. increased levels of glucose in body fluidsarrow_forward
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