Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285866932
Author: Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 3TAHL
The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most body cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following statements is correct?
- A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further towers blood glucose concentration.
- An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn lowers blood glucose concentration.
- A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn increases blood glucose concentration.
- An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further increases blood glucose concentration.
- None of the preceding is correct.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A number of hormones in the body are responsible for controlling blood glucose levels. Some examples include insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, and cortisol.Select the FOUR numbers below that correctly show the pathway for insulin.
Insulin is secreted when blood sugar levels are high.
Insulin is secreted when blood sugar levels are low.
Insulin is released from the beta cells of the pancreas.
Insulin is released from the alpha cells of the pancreas.
Insulin makes cells more permeable to glucose.
Insulin makes cells less permeable to glucose.
Glycogen is taken up and converted to glucose.
Glucose is taken up and converted to glycogen.
The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most body cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following statements is correct?
(a) A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further lowers blood glucose concentration.
(b) An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn lowers blood glucose concentration.
(c) A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn increases blood glucose concentration.
(d) An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further increases blood glucose concentration.
(e) None of the preceding is correct.
One role of the pancreas is to help regulate blood glucose levels. Two types of cells in
the pancreas, beta and alpha, serve as sensors to detect changes in blood glucose
levels. High glucose levels cause beta cells to increase the amount of insulin given off by
the pancreas. The insulin triggers body cells to take in glucose and the liver to store
excess glucose as glycogen, decreasing the blood glucose level. On the other hand, low
glucose blood levels trigger alpha cells to signal for glycogen to free up stored glucose
from your liver, thus increasing the blood glucose level. (4 points)
1. What type of feedback mechanism is this, positive or negative? Explain your
answer based on the description of the mechanism.
Blood glucose levels change throughout the day. Explain what causes these
changes and describe how these feedback cycles work together to maintain a
dynamic homeostasis.
III. Predict what will happen to this feedback mechanism and then to a person's body
if the beta cells…
Chapter 1 Solutions
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 1.1 - Define physiology.Ch. 1.1 - The nutrient-absorbing intestinal cells have a...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 1.2 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 1.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 1.3 - Distinguish among external environment, internal...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 1.3 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 1.4 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 1.4 - Prob. 2CYU
Ch. 1.4 - Draw a row diagram showing the relationships among...Ch. 1 - Which of the following activities is not carried...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2RECh. 1 - Which of the following is not a type of connective...Ch. 1 - The term tissue can apply either to one of the...Ch. 1 - Cells in a multicellular organism have specialized...Ch. 1 - Cell specializations are usually a modification or...Ch. 1 - The four primary types of tissue are...Ch. 1 - Prob. 8RECh. 1 - Prob. 9RECh. 1 - _________ controls are inherent to an organ,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 11RECh. 1 - Compare physiology and anatomy.Ch. 1 - Prob. 2UCCh. 1 - Prob. 3UCCh. 1 - Prob. 4UCCh. 1 - What factors must be homeostatically maintained,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6UCCh. 1 - Prob. 7UCCh. 1 - Prob. 1ACRCh. 1 - Prob. 1TAHLCh. 1 - Prob. 2TAHLCh. 1 - The hormone insulin enhances the transport of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4TAHLCh. 1 - Prob. 5TAHL
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Chronic stress or GC exposure can cause insulin resistance. The influence of GC on insulin is complex, but leads to hyperinsulinemia (high circulating insulin levels) and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is typically caused by a decreased number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. Speculate on a mechanism resulting in a decreased number of insulin receptors.arrow_forwardIslet cells in the pancreas are actively synthesizing and secreting insulin into the bloodstream. A scientist purifies different membranous fractions of these islet cells. In which fraction would she find insulin or its intermediates?arrow_forwardYou are a researcher seeking to determine if an experimental drug can effectively treat hyperglycemia, a condition characterized by excess glucose in the blood, often associated with Type I diabetes. You select 24 hyperglycemia patients to study, and you give half of them a pill containing the drug you are testing and the other half a placebo (a pill that lacks the drug ingredient). After an evening of fasting, you measure the amount of glucose in their blood the next morning. Write the null and alternative hypotheses appropriate for your study. Which treatment is your control group, and why does your experimental design require a control group? Describe the structure of a carbohydrate, and what are the functions of carbohydrates in the body? What test that we have used before in lab could you use to measure the amount of glucose in their blood? Describe how you would use this test to measure the amounts of glucose in their blood serum samples. Identify the dependent variable…arrow_forward
- Which two statements below accurately describe the roles of insulin and glucagon in maintaining metabolic homeostasis? Select 2 correct answer(s) insulin inhibits glucose uptake in the brain insulin stimulates glucose uptake in muscle cells insulin stimulates glucose release from liver cells Oglucagon stimulates glucose release from muscle cells glucagon increases blood glucose levels in between meals glucagon stimulates glucose uptake in liver cellsarrow_forwardNormally, when blood glucose level increases (e.g. after a meal), the islet cells in the pancreas secrete insulin. When insulin molecules bind to insulin receptors on the surface of a muscle cell, the receptors become activated, initiating a signaling pathway which eventually results in the increase in the number of passive glucose transporter on the muscle cell surface thus increases the uptake of glucose into the cell and decrease blood glucose level. Indicate whether the following conditions/practice will likely lead to diabetes (mark Yes or No). [Select] degeneration of islet cells [Select] [Select] [Select] a mutation in the insulin receptor that increases its kinase activity ✓ exercise a mutation in the insulin receptor that prevents dimerizationarrow_forwardFor our patient John with diabetes type II, he can make insulin but his body cells can be resistant to this insulin. Note: activated insulin receptors will activate glucose receptors. John takes a drug called metformin, in conjunction with regulating his diet and exercising. This drug has two main effects. First, it helps reduce hepatic (liver) production of glucose. Second, it helps cells become more sensitive to insulin. Explain how these two effects of metformin can help John.arrow_forward
- In the answer, discuss insulin and glucagon. (You do not need to talk about the other hormones that influence glucose levels when stress levels are high.) For each hormone, state the stimuli that causes secretion, the cell that secretes the hormone, the metabolic pathways stimulated by the hormone and the overall effect of each hormone.arrow_forwardA group of students are participating in a 24-hour fast to raise money for the foodbank. Fasting refers to refraining from eating for a period of time. Select the answer that describes how the students’ bodies would respond to maintain homeostasis. Select one: a. The beta cells of the islets of Langerhans are producing glucagon to decrease blood glucose levels. b. The alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans are producing insulin to increase blood sugar levels. c. The alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans are producing glucagon to increase blood glucose levels. d. The beta cells of the islets of Langerhans are producing insulin to decrease blood sugar levels.arrow_forwardThe peptide hormones vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin each contain only nine amino acids.Vasopressin is an antidiuretic: even at low doses it controls the resorption of water by the distal tubules of the kidneys and regulates the osmotic content of blood. At high doses it can affect blood pressure. Oxytocin stimulates contraction of uterine smooth muscle. It is secreted during labor to effect delivery of the fetus. Oxytocin in therapeutically delivered to accelerate contractions in a labor that is not progressing. The primary sequences of the two peptides are shown below.Vasopressin: CYFQNCPRG Oxytocin: CYIQNCPLGQuestions: 1. Draw the Primary Structure of Vasopressin and Oxytocin. 2. Calculate the overall charge of the peptides at pH 1, 7, 9, 11 and 14. Are the peptidespositively or negatively charged at pH 7? Between which pH values in this range are thepeptides neutral? Calculate the pI of each peptide. How might the differences affecttheir function?arrow_forward
- The human hormone insulin causes liver cells to increase the rate they convert glucose to glycogen for storage. Based on this information, which of the following might occur in a liver cell exposure to insulin? Choose only the best response based only information presented in this course. The amount of the enzyme converting glucose to glycogen might decrease. All of the other options could occur. The enzyme converting glucose to glycogen might be phosphorylated, thereby increasing its rate of activity. The amount of CAMP in the cell might decrease, activating protein kinase A.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following is an enzyme ? Somatotropin Trypsin Glucagon Insulinarrow_forwardMany functions in the body are controlled by hormones – chemical signals that are secreted by one organ or tissue but have effects in multiple areas. A person’s blood pressure can be affected by their blood volume: if volume goes up, so does pressure, if blood volume goes down, pressure goes down. Regulating blood volume can be changed by two hormones; for our purposes, we’ll just call them hormone A and hormone B. Hormone A is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, and it functions to increase blood volume by increasing water reabsorption from the kidneys. Hormone B is secreted by the heart when blood pressure is increased; this hormone decreases blood volume by promoting the loss of water in the urine. Preston is a middle-aged man who sees his doctor every year for a checkup. At his most recent visit, the doctor determines he has hypertension (high blood pressure).Based on this information, answer the following two questions: 1)Where does hormone A come from? Group of…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
What is Metabolism?; Author: Stated Clearly;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRq6N5NGD1U;License: Standard youtube license