E22. The method of Northern blotting is used to determine the amount and size of a particular RNA transcribed in a given cell type. Alternative splicing (discussed in Chapter 12) produces mRNAs of different lengths from the same gene. The Northern blot shown here was made using a DNA probe that is complementary to the MRNA encoded by a particular gene. The mRNA in lanes 1 through 4 was isolated from different cell types, and equal amounts of total cellular MRNA were added to each lane. 2 3 4 Lane 1: MRNA isolated from nerve cells Lane 2: MRNA isolated from kidney cells Lane 3: MRNA isolated from spleen cells Lane 4: MRNA isolated from muscle cells Explain these results. | |

E22. The method of Northern blotting is used to determine the amount and size of a particular RNA transcribed in a given cell type. Alternative splicing (discussed in Chapter 12) produces mRNAs of different lengths from the same gene. The Northern blot shown here was made using a DNA probe that is complementary to the MRNA encoded by a particular gene. The mRNA in lanes 1 through 4 was isolated from different cell types, and equal amounts of total cellular MRNA were added to each lane. 2 3 4 Lane 1: MRNA isolated from nerve cells Lane 2: MRNA isolated from kidney cells Lane 3: MRNA isolated from spleen cells Lane 4: MRNA isolated from muscle cells Explain these results. | |

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter9: Gene Expression And Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10QP: The pre-mRNA transcript and protein made by several mutant genes were examined. The results are...

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The method of Northern blotting is used to determine the amountand size of a particular RNA transcribed in a given cell type.Alternative splicing (discussed in Chapter 14) produces mRNAsof different lengths from the same gene. The Northern blot shownhere was obtained using a DNA probe that is complementary tothe mRNA encoded by a particular gene. The mRNA in lanes 1through 4 was isolated from different cell types, and equal amountsof total cellular mRNA were added to each lane. Explain these results.
E32. In the technique of DNase I footprinting, the binding of a protein to a region of DNA protects that region from digestion by DNase I by blocking the ability of DNase I to gain access to the DNA. In the DNase I footprinting experiment shown here, a researcher began with a sample of cloned DNA 400 bp in length. This DNA contained a eukaryotic promoter for RNA polymerase II. The assembly of general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II at the core promoter is described in Chapter 12 (see Figure 12.14). For the sample loaded in lane 1, no proteins were added. For the sample loaded in lane 2, the 400-bp fragment was mixed with RNA polymerase II plus TFIID and TFIIB. 2 400 350 250 175 50 Which region of this 400-bp fragment of DNA is bound by RNA polymerase II and TFIID and TFIIB? || III ||| | ||||
5 5 S 6 5 5 5 6 U 6 U 6 5:14 PM | 0.2KB/s HHHHH R R U RUUR ARU AP AP R U U R R AP R R R AP MOLECULAR...GENETICS. Describe gene regulation at transcription level. Explain the role of antsense RNA in control mechanism. Describe translational control mechanisms. Describe common DNA damages. Distinguish excision and mismatch repair. Describe the role of recA protein in recombination repair Elaborate on SOS repair mechanism. Define thymine dimer. How are they formed and repaired? Describe the molecular basis of mutation. 11 Leu+ Met+ Arg+ Write a detailed note on spontaneous mutation. Explain about mutant detection methods. Define reverse mutation. Describe the mechanism underlying Intragenic and intergenic suppressor mutations Describe the transposition mechanisms. 13 Vo LTE UNIT IV Time (Min) Describe the process of generalised transformation occurring in bacterial chromosome and plasmid. Elaborate on molecular mechanism and significance of transformation 22 Describe the process of…
. You have identified a mutation in yeast, a unicellular eukaryote, that prevents the capping of the 5′ end of theRNA transcript. However, much to your surprise, all theenzymes required for capping are normal. You determine that the mutation is, instead, in one of the subunitsof RNA polymerase II. Which subunit is mutant, andhow does this mutation result in failure to add a cap toyeast RNA?
In vitro translation systems have been developed inwhich specific RNA molecules can be added to a testtube containing a bacterial cell extract that includes allthe components needed for translation (ribosomes,tRNAs, amino acids). If a radioactively labeled aminoacid is included, any protein translated from that RNAcan be detected and displayed on a gel. If a eukaryoticmRNA is added to the test tube, would radioactive protein be produced? Explain.
List and briefly explain. C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II function to ensure that the varoius sets of mRNA processing enzymes carry out their duties at the apporpiate time and place?
The Events in Transcription Initiation Describe the sequence of events involved in the initiation of transcription by E. coil RNA polymerase. Include in your description those features a gene must have for proper recognition and transcription by RNA poIymerase.
Describe how RBPs can prevent miRNAs from degrading an RNA molecule.
An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following structure. Which of the following is not a possible size (in bp) of the mature mRNA? 205bp 180bp 150bp 100bp
A fragment of bacterial DNA reads: 3’ -TACCTATAATCTCAATTGATAGAAGCACTCTAC- 5’ Assuming that this fragment is the template strand, what is the sequence of mRNA that would he transcribed? (Hint: Be sure to identify the initiation site.)
A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP hydrolysis capability. How would this mutated form of elF-2 alter translation? Initiation factors would not be able to bind to mRNA The large ribosomal subunit would not be able to interact with itiRNA transcripts tRNAi-Met would not scan mRNA transcripts for the start codon elF-2 would not be able to interact with the small ribosomal subunit.
. One mechanism by which antisense RNAs act as negative regulators of gene expression is by base pairingwith the ribosome binding site on the sense mRNA toblock translation. In a second, alternative mechanism,the act of transcribing an antisense RNA can somehow prevent RNA polymerase from recognizing thesense promoter for the same gene. Design an experimental approach that would enable you to distinguishbetween these two modes of action at a specific gene.(Hint: What would be the outcome in each case ifhigh levels of the antisense RNA were transcribedfrom a gene on a plasmid?)