Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 3TYK
In which of the following conversions is the first molecule becoming reduced to the second molecule?
- a. pyruvate → acetyl CoA
- b. glucose → pyruvate
- c. NADH + H+ → NAD+ + 2 H
- d. pyruvate → lactate
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Explain the role of the coenzymes NAD + and NADH in each reaction. a. pyruvate-------> acetyl CoA b. pyruvate-------> lactate c. pyruvate--------> ethanol
Which of the following reactions is reversible and irreversible? Why?
a. Pyruvate + β-hydroxybutyrate → lactate + acetoacetate
b. Malate + pyruvate → oxaloacetate + lactate
c. Acetaldehyde + succinate → ethanol + fumarate
d. Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → lactate NAD+
e. Acetoacetate + NADH + H+ → β-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+
f. Malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
Which of the following is the third step of Citric Acid Cycle?
Select one:
a.
Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH
b.
Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide
c.
Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH
d.
alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH
e.
Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2
f.
Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate)
g.
Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate
h.
Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH
i.
Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate
Chapter 9 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 9 - Fill in the following summary equation for...Ch. 9 - Fill in the appropriate terms in the following...Ch. 9 - a. In the conversion of glucose and O2 to CO2 and...Ch. 9 - a. NAD+ is called a(n) ____________________. b....Ch. 9 - Fill in the three stages of cellular respiration...Ch. 9 - Fill in the blanks in the following summary...Ch. 9 - Fill in the blanks in the following diagram of the...Ch. 9 - Label the following diagram of oxidative...Ch. 9 - Fill in the following tally for the maximum ATP...Ch. 9 - How much more ATP can be generated by aerobic...
Ch. 9 - This chapter describes how catabolic pathways...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 9 - Fill in the following table to summarize...Ch. 9 - When electrons move closer to a more...Ch. 9 - In the reaction C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O, a....Ch. 9 - In which of the following conversions is the first...Ch. 9 - Some prokaryotes use anaerobic respiration, a...Ch. 9 - Which of the following reactions is incorrectly...Ch. 9 - In which organelle of a plant cell does the citric...Ch. 9 - Which of the following compounds produces the most...Ch. 9 - Aerobic eukaryotes produce CO2 as a by-product...Ch. 9 - Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 9 - In the electron transport system, H+ ions are...Ch. 9 - When glucose is oxidized to CO2 and water,...Ch. 9 - The energy required for the chemiosmotic synthesis...Ch. 9 - Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 9 - The citric acid cycle is best described as a. the...Ch. 9 - Fermentation produces less ATP than cellular...Ch. 9 - If muscle cells do not receive enough oxygen from...Ch. 9 - Glucose made from six radioactively labeled carbon...Ch. 9 - Glycolysis is considered one of the first...Ch. 9 - Which of the following substances produces the...Ch. 9 - Fats and proteins can be used as fuel in the cell...Ch. 9 - Which of the following statements is false...Ch. 9 - Brown fat, which is found in newborn infants and...
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- The oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway produces which of the following (note - select all that apply)? A. ATP B. Glucose-6-phosphate C. NADPH D. Ribose-5-phosphatearrow_forwardIn the reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase, which of the following molecules is classified as the reduced donor? a. Malate b. Oxaloacetate c. Fumerate d. FAD e. FADH2 f. NAD+ g. NADHarrow_forwardWhich of the following is the second step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH b. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH c. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH e. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate f. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate g. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide h. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) i. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2arrow_forward
- The first roadblock to overcome in the synthesis of glucose from pyruvate is which of the following reactions? a. Fructose 6-P to Fructose 1,6-bis-P b. Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate c. Pyruvate to Phosphoenolpyruvate d. Phosphoenolpyruvate to Pyruvatearrow_forwardDuring strenuous exercise, the NADH formed in the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in skeletal muscle must be reoxidized to NAD+ if glycolysis is to continue. The most important reaction involved in the reoxidation of NADH is: a. dihydroxyacetone phosphate → glycerol 3-phosphate b. glucose 6-phosphate → fructose 6-phosphate c. isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate d. oxaloacetate → malate e. pyruvate → lactatearrow_forwardThe Glycolytic pathway describes the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate with the generation of ATP and NADH Which of the following 8 statements are correct about the process of Glycolysis? a.Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized to the aldehyde glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate b. phosphoenolpyruvate is formed from the loss of a hydrogen atom on carbon 2 and a hydroxyl group from carbon 3 c. Glucose transporters only transports phosphorylated glucose d. 2 molecules of NADH is produced from the phosphorylated oxidation of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate e. when phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate, 1 molecule of ATP is produced f. Fructose-1,6.biphosphate is cleaved by aldolase to form 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate g. The substrate level phosphorylation of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate yields 2 molecules of ATP h. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate loses a hydrogen atom on carbon 1 and gains an oxygen atom i. The ketose sugar glucose-6-phosphate is…arrow_forward
- Explain why the hydrolysis of the following compounds releases energy. A. phosphoenol pyruvate B. 1,3-diphosphoglycerate C. succinyl CoAarrow_forwardalpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase will do which of the following: Select one: a. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide b. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2 c. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH d. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) e. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH f. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH g. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate h. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate i. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADHarrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle is a series of 8 reactions that oxidizes the acetyl group of acetyl CoA to 2 molecules of CO2. The citric acid cycle needs охудen because? a. Oxygen is required to generate NADH and FADH2 O b. Oxygen is required to accept electrons from NADH and FADH2 in oxidative phosphorylation Oxygen is required to donate electrons when NAD+ and FAD are regeneratedarrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT produced during the reactions of acetyl-CoA formation? (only one choice is correct) A. Acetyl CoA B. Electrons C. CO2 D. ATParrow_forwardWhich of the following is the chemical end product of fatty-acids metabolized in the beta-oxidation pathway? Select one: a. Beta-carotine b. Free-radicals c. Lactic acid d. Acetyl-CoA e. Pyruvatearrow_forwardWhich of the following is the sixth step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2 b. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH c. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) e. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH f. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate g. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate h. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide i. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SHarrow_forward
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