Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 8TYK
Aerobic eukaryotes produce CO2 as a by-product during
- a. 1 CO2 from glycolysis; 1 CO2 from the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA; 4 CO2 from the citric acid cycle
- b. 2 CO2 from the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA; 4 CO2 from the citric acid cycle
- c. 1 CO2 from the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA; 2 CO2 from the citric acid cycle
- d. 3 CO2 from the citric acid cycle
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When proteins are digested for fuel, they are first broken down into their amino acid components. Amino acids can be further oxidized to generate useful energy for the cell. For example,
when one molecule of the amino acid tryptophan is oxidized, one pyruvate molecule and one acetyl CoA molecule are generated. One NADH molecule is also generated during the
oxidation of tryptophan into one pyruvate molecule and one acetyl CoA molecule. Below is the general reaction described in the prompt:
1 tryptophan --> 1 pyruvate + 1 acetyl CoA + 1 NADH
match the cofactor with its function in the citric acid cycle by entering the number corresponding with the function. A given function may be used more than one time or not at all.
Use from the following list of functions to fill in the table below:
carries O2
carries small carbon-containing molecules
carries e-
carries small nitrogen-containing molecules
Cofactor
Function
NAD+/NADH
FAD/FADH2
CoA
thiamine
biotin
Which of the following is the second step of Citric Acid Cycle?
Select one:
a.
Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH
b.
Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH
c.
alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH
d.
Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH
e.
Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate
f.
Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate
g.
Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide
h.
Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate)
i.
Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2
Chapter 9 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 9 - Fill in the following summary equation for...Ch. 9 - Fill in the appropriate terms in the following...Ch. 9 - a. In the conversion of glucose and O2 to CO2 and...Ch. 9 - a. NAD+ is called a(n) ____________________. b....Ch. 9 - Fill in the three stages of cellular respiration...Ch. 9 - Fill in the blanks in the following summary...Ch. 9 - Fill in the blanks in the following diagram of the...Ch. 9 - Label the following diagram of oxidative...Ch. 9 - Fill in the following tally for the maximum ATP...Ch. 9 - How much more ATP can be generated by aerobic...
Ch. 9 - This chapter describes how catabolic pathways...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 9 - Fill in the following table to summarize...Ch. 9 - When electrons move closer to a more...Ch. 9 - In the reaction C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O, a....Ch. 9 - In which of the following conversions is the first...Ch. 9 - Some prokaryotes use anaerobic respiration, a...Ch. 9 - Which of the following reactions is incorrectly...Ch. 9 - In which organelle of a plant cell does the citric...Ch. 9 - Which of the following compounds produces the most...Ch. 9 - Aerobic eukaryotes produce CO2 as a by-product...Ch. 9 - Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 9 - In the electron transport system, H+ ions are...Ch. 9 - When glucose is oxidized to CO2 and water,...Ch. 9 - The energy required for the chemiosmotic synthesis...Ch. 9 - Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 9 - The citric acid cycle is best described as a. the...Ch. 9 - Fermentation produces less ATP than cellular...Ch. 9 - If muscle cells do not receive enough oxygen from...Ch. 9 - Glucose made from six radioactively labeled carbon...Ch. 9 - Glycolysis is considered one of the first...Ch. 9 - Which of the following substances produces the...Ch. 9 - Fats and proteins can be used as fuel in the cell...Ch. 9 - Which of the following statements is false...Ch. 9 - Brown fat, which is found in newborn infants and...
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- The citric acid cycle converts each acetyl-CoA to [1/2/3/4] molecules of CO2. This pathway is considered [catabolic/anabolic] because it breaks down acetyl-CoA into smaller molecules and [catabolic/anabolic] because the intermediates are building blocks for other metabolites in the cell. The citric acid cycle produces [1/2/3] NADH and [1/2/3] FADH2 for every acetyl-CoA consumed. help fill in the blanksarrow_forwardComplete the following table about the total products of the various pathways of cellular respiration that result in the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6). Number of CO2 produced Net number of ATP produced Number of NADH produced Number of FADH2 produced Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Citric Acid Cyclearrow_forwardPhosphofructokinase is an important control enzyme in the regulation of cellular respiration. Which of the following statements correctly describes phosphofructokinase activity? a. It is inhibited by citrate, an intermediate of the citric acid cycle. b. It catalyzes a reaction which increases the rate of the overall pathway. c. It catalyzes an early step of glycolysis which has the lowest level of activation energy among the overall pathway. d. It is activated by ATP. e. It is inhibited by AMP.arrow_forward
- The Glycolytic pathway describes the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate with the generation of ATP and NADH Which of the following 8 statements are correct about the process of Glycolysis? a.Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized to the aldehyde glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate b. phosphoenolpyruvate is formed from the loss of a hydrogen atom on carbon 2 and a hydroxyl group from carbon 3 c. Glucose transporters only transports phosphorylated glucose d. 2 molecules of NADH is produced from the phosphorylated oxidation of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate e. when phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate, 1 molecule of ATP is produced f. Fructose-1,6.biphosphate is cleaved by aldolase to form 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate g. The substrate level phosphorylation of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate yields 2 molecules of ATP h. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate loses a hydrogen atom on carbon 1 and gains an oxygen atom i. The ketose sugar glucose-6-phosphate is…arrow_forwardComplete the sentence describing the pentose phosphate pathway in cells that require much more ribose 5-phosphate than NADPH. These cells need ribose 5-phosphate but have relatively higher concentrations of NADPH and lower concentrations of NADP*. Choose from the listed words to fill in the blanks: xylulose 5-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, five, two, three, glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate, erythrose 4-phosphate, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. One molecule of and two molecules of are used to generate molecules of ribose 5-phosphate by the reverse reactions of the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway.arrow_forwardYou are carrying out an experiment in the lab to study the citric acid cycle. To do this, you add 14C-labeled pyruvate at carbon 3 (this is the methyl carbon) to metabolically active mitochondria. Based on your knowledge of the citric acid cycle, what is the location of the 14C-label in oxaloacetate after one turn of the cycle? How many turns of the cycle are required to release all of the the14C-label as CO2? Be sure to justify your answers using a thorough description, as your answer does not need to include any drawings of the intermediates (but, feel free to include one if you wish).arrow_forward
- The citric acid cycle is shown. The methyl carbon in acetyl CoA is labeled with C14C14 (shown in red). Identify which of the carbons in each intermediate will be labeled in the first round of the cycle by selecting the indicated carbon(s). Each question has multiple options except citrate. Which carbon in citrate will contain C14? 4 1 3 2 Which carbon(s) in isocitrate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 6 Which carbon(s) in α‑ketoglutarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 Which carbon(s) in succinyl‑CoA will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in succinate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in fumarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in malate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in oxaloacetate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4arrow_forwarda) What carbon-containing molecule exits the citric acid cycle? Why doesn’t your body capture the carbon-containing molecule you identified in part (a) and use that molecule to build new sugars and fats? Explain your answer. You have just created a new enzyme that will make the citric acid cycle more efficient! Instead of the citric acid cycle taking 8 steps, all of the bonds between the carbon atoms will be broken in only one step! Is this a good idea? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardFollow the two carbon atoms that enter the citric acid cycle (C₂). Are the two CO₂ molecules given off in one turn of the citric acid cycle composed of the same 2 carbon atoms that entered the cycle? NADH + H+ NAD+ H HỌ—C—COO- H₂C-COO- °↑ 7 FADH₂ 0 C-C00 H₂C-COO- Oxaloacetate Malate HC-COO- -OOC-CH Fumarate FAD Succinate H₂C-COO H₂C-COO CH,CO—S-CoA Acetyl coenzyme A GTP COA GDP COA H₂C-COO- HỌ–C–COO- H₂C-COO- Citrate H₂C-COO- Isocitrate HC-COO- HO–C–COO H e T CO₂ Succinyl COA H₂C-COO- CO₂ a-Ketoglutarate CoA H₂C-CO-S-CoA H₂C-COO H₂C 0-C-COO- NAD+ NADH + H+ NAD+ NADH + H+arrow_forward
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