Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 8.3, Problem 1CSC
Raising a King
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that identified Richard III serves a unique role in the human body. Although the human nucleus has about 20,000 genes. mtDNA has only 37. Twenty-four of these code for RNA that helps translate genes into proteins, and the remaining 13 genes code for proteins that are subunits of enzymes that participate in the ETC and chemiosmosis. Some contribute to the ETC enzymes that cause NADH and FADH2 to release their high-energy electrons into the chain. Other mtDNA genes help to produce the final enzyme in the chain, which combines the energy-depleted electrons with oxygen, forming water. Some genes in mtDNA code for parts of the ATP synthase enzyme on the inner mitochondrial membrane. If mtDNA were to disappear,
We’ve seen how NADH and FADH2 can gain high-energy electrons that originated in glucose. Can these electron carriers also obtain high-energy electrons from other molecules in our diets, such as fat or protein?
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 8.1 - explain how photosynthesis and glucose breakdown...Ch. 8.1 - summarize glucose breakdown in the presence and...Ch. 8.2 - What is the net energy yield in ATP and NADH...Ch. 8.2 - explain the energy investment and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 8.3 - How would the rate of ATP production be affected...Ch. 8.3 - Cyanide is a favorite poison in old murder...Ch. 8.3 - Raising a King The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that...Ch. 8.3 - summarize the two major stages of cellular...Ch. 8.3 - explain how ATP is generated by chemiosmosis?
Ch. 8.3 - describe the role of oxygen in cellular...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 8.4 - What would happen if cells were prevented from...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 8.4 - explain the function of fermentation and the...Ch. 8.4 - compare the two types of fermentation?Ch. 8.4 - list some examples of human uses of each type of...Ch. 8.4 - Jeremy has always had difficulty walking rapidly...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is True for one glucose...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8 - Prob. 4MCCh. 8 - Prob. 5MCCh. 8 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 1RQCh. 8 - Draw and label a mitochondrion, and explain how...Ch. 8 - What role do the following play in breaking down...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Prob. 7RQCh. 8 - Compare the structure of chloroplasts (described...Ch. 8 - Some species of bacteria use aerobic respiration,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2ACCh. 8 - Prob. 3ACCh. 8 - Some species of bacteria that live at the surface...
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- Most diseases are caused by disruptions in cellular function. You are to research a disease that is a disturbance at the cellular level. Usually, there are problems with the organelles within the cells. So essentially, you can look up things like....mitochondrial diseaselysosomal disorderscellular receptor disorders Once you have found a disease you should include the following in your 2 paragraph summary.1-Description and how is occurs2-Is it genetic?3-Are there cures?4-What does research show as far as cures or treatments?5-How does it affect one's life?arrow_forwardIn the Q Cycle of Complex III, the two electrons from QH2 are split up and go to different places. Why must the electrons be split up?arrow_forwardThe Q cycle plays a major role in the electron-transport chain of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria. What is the function of the Q cycle, and how does it carry out this function?arrow_forward
- Aerobic respiration, used by the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations? 6CO2 + 12H2S g C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O g 6CO2 + 12H2O C12H22O11 + H2O g C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 12H2O g C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 g C12H22O11 + H2Oarrow_forward--As glucose is split in the cytosol of the cell, is there a release of carbon dioxide as by-product of the reaction?arrow_forwardThe enzymes GICNAC phosphotrasnferase is a key enzyme involved in the transporting of proteins from the trans-Golgi to the lysozyme. In addition to the catalytic function of the enzyme that involves certain sugars, what is the second critical function of this enzyme? O It recognizes internal signal sequences found on lysozyme-targeted proteins. O It drives the binding of a phosphorylated GlcNac group onto a mannose residue. O It facilitates the reversible binding of specific proteins to the M6P receptor O In is essential for the recruitment of clathrin triskelions to the budding vesicle.arrow_forward
- In the presence of oxygen, the mitochondrion in yeast is used for aerobic respiration,however, under anaerobic conditions,the yeast mitochondria have been found to have other function. Identify and briefly discuss four of these functionsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE about cytochrome c protein? As a part of the ETC chain, it changes conformation to allow H+ ions to flow out of the matrix. It is found on the surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane and, therefore, contains start-transfer and/or stop-transfer sequences. With assistance from Bax, it can move out of the mitochondria and into the cytosol. It is considered a symporter because it is involved in electron transport. It is able to puncture holes in the plasma membrane to initiate apoptosis.arrow_forwardDNA damage can suppress the activity of the following cyclin-dependent kinases EXCEPT G1/S-Cdk S-Cdk M-Cdk G1-Cdk Which phenomenon allows the formation of double and triple bonds between carbon atoms? * Reduction Radioactivity Oxidation Hybridization If an agent that disrupts microtubules activity was added to cells at M phase, the cells will ble expected to get arrested at Anaphase O Metaphase O Prophase Telophase O 0 Oarrow_forward
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