Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 3RQ
What role do the following play in breaking down and harvesting energy from glucose: glycolysis is,
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Cells can make ATP through aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, or fermentation. Which of the following pathways do all three forms of cellular catabolism share?
breaking down pyruvate into CO2 through a series of steps
reducing pyruvate into lactic acid or acetaldehyde to regenerate NAD+
breaking down a molecule of glucose or other organic fuel into two molecules of pyruvate
passing electrons through a chain of proteins to an electronegative molecule to oxidize NADH
A proton gradient is created during the electron transport chain using the energy released from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2. The protons then cross the membrane through ATP synthase down their electrochemical gradient, and ATP is produced. This is an example of
A) energy coupling
B) cotransport
C) allosteric regulation.
For Glycolysis what are steps of cellular respiration for both aerobic (oxygen present) and anaerobic (without oxygen) respiration. what are the
Inputs and Outputs: Clearly indicate the key substrates, intermediates, and products at each stage.
Location: Show where this stage of cellular respiration occurs within the cell (e.g., cytoplasm, mitochondria).
Energy Production: Highlight the ATP and NADH production at this stage.
Oxygen: Show where oxygen is used in the process (e.g., ETC) and where carbon dioxide is produced.
Electron Carriers: Indicate the role of electron carriers such as NAD+ and FAD in transferring eleDiagrams: Use diagrams or icons to represent the structures and molecules involved, such as the mitochondria, glucose, ATP, and oxygen.
Key Information like important facts or formulas relevant to cellular respiration, like the chemical equations for each stage.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 8.1 - explain how photosynthesis and glucose breakdown...Ch. 8.1 - summarize glucose breakdown in the presence and...Ch. 8.2 - What is the net energy yield in ATP and NADH...Ch. 8.2 - explain the energy investment and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 8.3 - How would the rate of ATP production be affected...Ch. 8.3 - Cyanide is a favorite poison in old murder...Ch. 8.3 - Raising a King The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that...Ch. 8.3 - summarize the two major stages of cellular...Ch. 8.3 - explain how ATP is generated by chemiosmosis?
Ch. 8.3 - describe the role of oxygen in cellular...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 8.4 - What would happen if cells were prevented from...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 8.4 - explain the function of fermentation and the...Ch. 8.4 - compare the two types of fermentation?Ch. 8.4 - list some examples of human uses of each type of...Ch. 8.4 - Jeremy has always had difficulty walking rapidly...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is True for one glucose...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8 - Prob. 4MCCh. 8 - Prob. 5MCCh. 8 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 1RQCh. 8 - Draw and label a mitochondrion, and explain how...Ch. 8 - What role do the following play in breaking down...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Prob. 7RQCh. 8 - Compare the structure of chloroplasts (described...Ch. 8 - Some species of bacteria use aerobic respiration,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2ACCh. 8 - Prob. 3ACCh. 8 - Some species of bacteria that live at the surface...
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- How much ATP is made available to the cell from a single glucose molecule by the operation of (1) glycolysis, (2) the formation of acetyl CoA, (3) the citric acid cycle, and (4) the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis?Where does each of these processes take place in a eukaryotic cell?arrow_forwardHow many ATP (net) are made in the glycolysis part of cellular respiration? How many ATP are made in the Kreb's/Citric Acid cycle part of cellular respiration? How many ATP are made in the electron transport part of cellular respiration? In which phase of cellular respiration is carbon dioxide made? In which phase of cellular respiration is water made? In which phase of cellular respiration is oxygen a substrate? In which phase of cellular respiration is glucose a substrate? On average, how many ATP can be made from each NADH during the electron transport process? On average, how many ATP can be made from each FADH₂ during the electron transport process?arrow_forwardwhy is cellular respiration catabolic, exergonic, and have a negative change in free energy?arrow_forward
- Table 7: ATP Yield from Aerobic Respiration (for 1 Glucose Molecule) in a Eukaryotic Cell # of ATPS Generated from NADH and FADH, through Oxidative # of ATPS Generated through Substrate-Level Phosphorylation # of NADH and FADH2 Produced Gross Subtotal of ATPS Produced Process Phosphorylation NADH: FADH2: NADH: FADH2: Glycolysis Transition Step NADH: FADH2: GROSS TOTAL of ATPS Produced # of ATPS Spent NET TOTAL of ATPS Produced Krebs Cyclearrow_forwardWhy are electron carriers (NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2) so important in the process of cellular respiration? A)NADH and FADH2 are major components of the ETC, so without them, there would be no ETC in the cell. B)They deliver electrons to the ETC, which in turn sets up chemiosmosis, where most of the ATP is generated. C)They separate the electrons from the protons so that the protons can be moved out of the mitochondrion. D)The electrons that they carry are able to directly phosphorylate ADP in order to generate the bulk of ATP in the cell. E) They transport protons across the mitochondrial membrane. 14.arrow_forwardFor each statement below, write whether the event occurs in GLYCOLYSIS, KREBS CYCLE, or ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN. 1. Oxygen is the final acceptor of electrons 2. Occurs outside the mitochondria 3. Produces FADH2 4. Begins with glucose 5. Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix 6. Ends with pyruvic acid 7. Where chemiosmosis occurs 8 .Forms water 9.Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria 10. Produces the most ATParrow_forward
- What are two genral metabolic mechanisms by which certain cell can be oxidize organic fuel and generate ATP without the use of oxygen ?arrow_forwardIn each of two steps during the "Energy payoff stage" of glycolysis, ATP is generated when an enzyme uses one of the phosphate groups attached to one of the ends of a 3-carbon intermediate molecule to phosphorylate (add a phosphate group) ADP, forming ATP. This mechanism of producing ATP from ADP and a phosphate group is known as: Question 9 options: substrate level phosphorylation redox phosphorylation lactic acid fermentation oxidative phosphorylationarrow_forwardPhotosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration both rely on electron transport chains to generate ATP. Which of the following does not correctly identify similarities and differences in the ETCs of these processes? a) Electrons delivered to the ETC are used to generate a proton gradient across the membrane b) In photosynthesis, the facilitated diffusion of protons across the membrane generates ATP and glucose molecules; in cellular respiration, this process generates ATP c) In photosynthesis, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADPH; in cellular respiration, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADH and FADH2 d) In prokaryotes, active transport moves protons across the cell’s plasma membrane during photosynthesis and cellular respirationarrow_forward
- At the end of cellular respiration, how many molecules of NADH are there? Group of answer choices a)2 b)6 c)0 d)4 e)8arrow_forwardList the following steps of cellular respiration in order - glycolysis-energy investment phase -pyruvate enters mitochondria -TCA cycle -glycoysis-energy payoff phase -formation of acetly-CoA -electron transport chainarrow_forwardFor Krebs Cycle(Citric Acid Cycle) what are steps of cellular respiration for both aerobic (oxygen present) and anaerobic (without oxygen) respiration. what are the Inputs and Outputs: Clearly indicate the key substrates, intermediates, and products at each stage. Location: Show where this stage of cellular respiration occurs within the cell (e.g., cytoplasm, mitochondria). Energy Production: Highlight the ATP and NADH production at this stage. Oxygen: Show where oxygen is used in the process (e.g., ETC) and where carbon dioxide is produced. Electron Carriers: Indicate the role of electron carriers such as NAD+ and FAD in transferring eleDiagrams: Use diagrams or icons to represent the structures and molecules involved, such as the mitochondria, glucose, ATP, and oxygen. Key Information like important facts or formulas relevant to cellular respiration, like the chemical equations for each stage.arrow_forward
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