Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 6, Problem 25P
Draw a diagram of replication that is occurring at the end of a double-stranded linear chromosome. Show the leading and lagging strands with their primers. (Indicate the 5′ and 3′ ends of the strands.) What difficulty is encountered in producing copies of both DNA strands at the end of a chromosome?
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Depurination of purine bases results in an apurinic site. Assume a single depurination event occurs in the GC base pair of the sequence below and is not repaired. Then, if two rounds of replication occur, which of the following DNA sequences will exist after two rounds of replication? Remember that when DNA polymerases encounter an apurinic site, most often an A is incorporated into the newly synthesized strand. Assume this is true for the sequence below. ...TACT... ...ATGA...
Question 7 Select one or more: ...TAGT... ...ATCA...
1. ...TACT... ...ATGA...
2. ...TAAT... ...ATTA...
3. ...TAAT... ...AT_A...
4. ...TA_T... ...ATAA...
5. ...TATT... ...ATAA...
Depurination of purine bases results in an apurinic site. Assume a single depurination event occurs in the GC base pair of the sequence below and is not repaired. Then, if two rounds of replication occur, which of the following DNA sequences will exist after two rounds of replication? Remember that when DNA polymerases encounter an apurinic site, most often an A is incorporated into the newly synthesized strand.
Assume this is true for the sequence below. ...TACT... ...ATGA...
Question 7 Select one or more:
a) ...TAGT... ...ATCA...
b) ...TACT... ...ATGA...
c)...TAAT... ...ATTA...
d) ...TAAT... ...AT_A... .
e) ...TA_T... ...ATAA...
f)...TATT... ...ATAA...
Give the complimentary DNA strand for the following:ACG TAG CTA GTC AGT CGT AGC
Give the RNA strand for the following:ACG TAG CTA GTC AGT CGT AGC
Using the provided amino acid table and the RNA strand you created in #2, create the amino acid sequence:
Name and explain two different ways in which DNA can be damaged.
Once DNA is damaged, can we repair it? If not, what are some possible outcomes from the damaged DNA?
Chapter 6 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 6 - Griffith, in his 1928 experiments, demonstrated...Ch. 6 - Griffith, in his 1928 experiments, demonstrated...Ch. 6 - During bacterial transformation, DNA that enters a...Ch. 6 - Nitrogen and carbon are more abundant in proteins...Ch. 6 - If 30 of the bases in human DNA are A, a what...Ch. 6 - Which of the following statements are true about...Ch. 6 - Imagine you have three test tubes containing...Ch. 6 - What information about the structure of DNA was...Ch. 6 - A portion of one DNA strand of the human gene...Ch. 6 - When a double-stranded DNA molecule is exposed to...
Ch. 6 - A particular virus with DNA as its genetic...Ch. 6 - The underlying structure of DNA is very simple,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 13PCh. 6 - Bacterial transformation and bacteriophage...Ch. 6 - The CAP protein is shown bound to DNA in Fig....Ch. 6 - In Meselson and Stahls density shift experiments...Ch. 6 - When Meselson and Stahl grew E. coli in 15N medium...Ch. 6 - If you expose human tissue culture cells for...Ch. 6 - Draw a replication bubble with both replication...Ch. 6 - a. Do any strands of nucleic acid exist in nature...Ch. 6 - As Fig. 6.21 shows, DNA polymerase cleaves the...Ch. 6 - The bases of one of the strands of DNA in a region...Ch. 6 - Replicating structures in DNA can be observed in...Ch. 6 - Indicate the role of each of the following in DNA...Ch. 6 - Draw a diagram of replication that is occurring at...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.18 depicts Watson and Cricks initial...Ch. 6 - Researchers have discovered that during...Ch. 6 - A DNA synthesizer is a machine that uses automated...Ch. 6 - Bacterial cells were coinfected with two types of...Ch. 6 - A yeast strain with a mutant spo11- allele has...Ch. 6 - Imagine that you have done a cross between two...Ch. 6 - The Neurospora octad shown came from a cross...Ch. 6 - From a cross between e f g and e f g strains of...Ch. 6 - In Step 6 of Fig. 6.27, the resolvase enzyme...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.31shows four potential outcomes of...Ch. 6 - Each of the substrates for site-specific...Ch. 6 - Prob. 37PCh. 6 - Suppose that you could inject a wild-type mouse...Ch. 6 - C31 is a type of bacteriophage that infects...Ch. 6 - Cre is a recombinase enzyme encoded by a gene in...Ch. 6 - Like Cre/loxP recombination, site-specific...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- (d) Write down the sequences of the templates that would give the tetranucleotides shown in I and II. In each case, label the 5' and 3' ends and indicate which template base is used first. (e) What difference would it make to bidirectional DNA replication if both modes of chain extension were equally favourable? I IIarrow_forwardSupercoiled DNA is slightly unwound compared to relaxed DNA and this enables it to assume a more compact structure with enhanced physical stability. Describe the enzymes that control the number of supercoils present in the E. coli chromosome. How much would you have to reduce the linking number to increase the number of supercoils by five?arrow_forwardDraw a diagram of replication that is occurring at theend of a double-stranded linear chromosome. Showthe leading and lagging strands with their primers.(Indicate the 5′ and 3′ ends of the strands.) What difficulty is encountered in producing copies of bothDNA strands at the end of a chromosome?arrow_forward
- At a specific area of this chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present where the chain opens to form a replication fork: 3’ C C T A A G C C A T T C G G A 5’ In cells replicating their DNA, the primase enzyme generates a primer from this template sequence, starting at the underlined A (A) of the template. What is the primer sequence (written 5'-->3')? Group of answer choices UCCGAAU ACCGAATCC ATTCGGA UGGCUUAGG UAAGCCU GGAUUCGGUarrow_forwardA circular molecule of DNA contains 1 million base pairs. If the rate of DNA synthesis at a replication fork is 100,000 nucleotides per minute, how much time will theta replication require to completely replicate the molecule, assuming that theta replication is bidirectional? How long will replication of this circular chromosome by rolling-circle replication take? Ignore replication of the displaced strand in rolling-circle replication.arrow_forwardA deamination occurs on the cytosine residue in the following DNA sequence. This cytosine residue happens to be methylated on the 5-position of the aromatic ring. 5'-GCATGG-3'. (Note: the top strand is shown; this is the strand where the deamination occurs.) If the mutation is not repaired, and a round of DNA replication occurs, then the sequence of the newly- replicated complementary strand (i.e., the bottom strand) will be: A. 5'-CCATGC-3 B. 5'-CCATAC-3' C. 5'-CATACC-3' D. 5'-GTATGG-3' E. None of the abovearrow_forward
- Consider the following segment of DNA, which is part of a linear chromosome: LEFT 5’.…TGACTGACAGTC….3’ 3’.…ACTGACTGTCAG….5’ RIGHT During DNA replication, this double-strand molecule is separated from the right to the left into two single strands and the replisome is moving from the right to the left of the segment. The replisome is approaching to a chromosomal end on the left. Considering this left chromosomal end, if without telomerase, the newly synthesized daughter DNA of ___________ will be shortened? neither top or bottom strand both top and bottom strands the top strand the bottom strandarrow_forwardSpontaneous deamination of cytosine bases in DNA takes place at low but measurable frequency. Cytosine is converted into uracil by loss of its amino group. After this conversion, which base pair occupies this position in each of the daughter strands resulting from one round of replication? Two rounds of replication? (a) How many different 8-mer sequences of DNA are there? (Hint: There are 16 possible dinucleotides and 64 possible trinucleotides.) We can quantify the information- carrying capacity of nucleic acids in the following way. Each position can be one of four bases, corresponding to two bits of information (2² = 4). Thus, a chain of 5100 nucleotides corresponds to 2 × 5100 = 10,200 bits, or 1275 bytes (1 byte =8 bits). (b) How many bits of information are stored in an 8-mer DNA sequence? In the E. coli genome? In the human genome? (c) Compare each of these values with the amount of information that can be stored on a computer compact disc, or CD (about 700 megabytes).arrow_forwardHow does the enzyme telomerase meet the challenge of replicating the ends of linear chromosomes? It adds a single 5' cap structure that resists degradation by nucleases. It adds numerous GC pairs, which resist hydrolysis and maintain chromosome integrity. It causes specific double-strand DNA breaks that result in blunt ends on both strands. It catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres, compensating for the shortening that could occur during replication without telomerase activity.arrow_forward
- Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase enzyme that carries its own RNA molecule (Figure 1(a)). The telomerase enzyme attaches to the end of the telomeric region (Figure 1(b)) for DNA replication. (i) Indicate by drawing where the RNA of Telomerase binds to the telomeric region. W, X, Y, and Z are the ends of the DNA and RNA strands respectively. Identify ends of DNA's X, Y, and Z shown in Figure 1(a) & (b). (ii) (a) Telomerase -AAUCCCAAU- ITTAGGGTTAGGGTTAGGGTTAGGGTTAGGGTTAGGG-W' ПAАTСССААТСССААТСССАА-Х (b) Telomeric DNA Figure 1arrow_forwardA solution contains DNA polymerase and the Mg ²+ salts of dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and TTP. The following DNA molecules are added to aliquots of this solution. Which of them would lead to DNA synthesis? (a) A single-stranded closed circle containing 1000 nucleotide units. (b) A double-stranded closed circle containing 1000 nucleotide pairs. (c) A single-stranded closed circle of 1000 nucleotides base-paired to a linear strand of 500 nucleotides with a free 3' -OH terminus. (d) A double-stranded linear molecule of 1000 nucleotide pairs with a free 3’-OH group at each end.arrow_forwardWhat factors promote the fidelity of replication during the synthesis of the leading strand of DNA? Would you expect the lagging strand to be made with the same fidelity? Why or why not? Explain your answer briefly.arrow_forward
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