Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 6, Problem 18P
If you expose human tissue culture cells (for example, HeLa cells) to 3H-thymidine just as they enter S phase, then wash this material off the cells and let them go through a second S phase before looking at the chromosomes, how would you expect the 3H to be distributed over a pair of homologous chromosomes? (Ignore the effect recombination could have on this outcome.) Would the radioactivity be in (a) one chromatid of one homolog, (b) both chromatids of one homolog, (c) one chromatid each of both homologs, (d) both chromatids of both homologs, or (e) some other pattern? Choose the correct answer and explain your reasoning. (This problem extends the analysis begun in Solved Problem III.)
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E. coli chromosomes in which every nitrogen atom is labeled (that is, every nitrogen atom is the heavy isotope 15N instead of the normal isotope 14N) are allowed to replicate in an environment in which all the nitrogen is 14N. Using a solid line to represent a heavy polynucleotide chain and a dashed line for a light chain, sketch each of the following descriptions:a. The heavy parental chromosome and the products of the first replication after transfer to a 14N medium, assuming that the chromosome is one DNA double helix and that replication is semiconservative.b. Repeat part a, but now assume that replication is conservative.c. If the daughter chromosomes from the first division in 14N are spun in a cesium chloride density gradient and a single band is obtained, which of the possibilities in parts a and b can be ruled out? Reconsider the Meselson and Stahl experiment: What does it prove?
Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled, diploid fungus (which is, of course, a eukaryote, that is capable of both meiosis and sexual reproduction).
Wild type yeast can normally grow on solid or liquid minimal medium; you isolate three mutant strains which are no longer capable of growing on minimal medium alone, however, they can grow on medium supplemented with adenine.
All three yeast strains are homozygous for the underlying alleles.
When you cross mutant strain 1 and mutant strain 2, the offspring cannot grow on minimal medium alone and require adenine supplementation;
when you cross mutant strain 1 and mutant strain 3, the offspring can grow on minimal medium alone and do not require adenine.
After crossing the F1 generation of the cross between mutant strains 1 and 3, you count and determine the phenotypes of 1,000 colonies (here a colony is equivalent to an individual): 563 colonies that can grow on minimal medium alone; 437 colonies that require adenine…
Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled, diploid fungus (which is, of course, a eukaryote, that is capable of both meiosis and sexual reproduction).
Wild type yeast can normally grow on solid or liquid minimal medium; you isolate three mutant strains which are no longer capable of growing on minimal medium alone, however, they can grow on medium supplemented with adenine.
All three yeast strains are homozygous for the underlying alleles.
When you cross mutant strain 1 and mutant strain 2, the offspring cannot grow on minimal medium alone and require adenine supplementation;
when you cross mutant strain 1 and mutant strain 3, the offspring can grow on minimal medium alone and do not require adenine.
A. What conclusions can you make about the alleles of mutant strains 1, 2, and 3 and their relationships with each other?
B. What phenomenon is occurring in the cross between mutant strains 1 and 3?
After crossing the F1 generation of the cross between mutant strains 1…
Chapter 6 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 6 - Griffith, in his 1928 experiments, demonstrated...Ch. 6 - Griffith, in his 1928 experiments, demonstrated...Ch. 6 - During bacterial transformation, DNA that enters a...Ch. 6 - Nitrogen and carbon are more abundant in proteins...Ch. 6 - If 30 of the bases in human DNA are A, a what...Ch. 6 - Which of the following statements are true about...Ch. 6 - Imagine you have three test tubes containing...Ch. 6 - What information about the structure of DNA was...Ch. 6 - A portion of one DNA strand of the human gene...Ch. 6 - When a double-stranded DNA molecule is exposed to...
Ch. 6 - A particular virus with DNA as its genetic...Ch. 6 - The underlying structure of DNA is very simple,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 13PCh. 6 - Bacterial transformation and bacteriophage...Ch. 6 - The CAP protein is shown bound to DNA in Fig....Ch. 6 - In Meselson and Stahls density shift experiments...Ch. 6 - When Meselson and Stahl grew E. coli in 15N medium...Ch. 6 - If you expose human tissue culture cells for...Ch. 6 - Draw a replication bubble with both replication...Ch. 6 - a. Do any strands of nucleic acid exist in nature...Ch. 6 - As Fig. 6.21 shows, DNA polymerase cleaves the...Ch. 6 - The bases of one of the strands of DNA in a region...Ch. 6 - Replicating structures in DNA can be observed in...Ch. 6 - Indicate the role of each of the following in DNA...Ch. 6 - Draw a diagram of replication that is occurring at...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.18 depicts Watson and Cricks initial...Ch. 6 - Researchers have discovered that during...Ch. 6 - A DNA synthesizer is a machine that uses automated...Ch. 6 - Bacterial cells were coinfected with two types of...Ch. 6 - A yeast strain with a mutant spo11- allele has...Ch. 6 - Imagine that you have done a cross between two...Ch. 6 - The Neurospora octad shown came from a cross...Ch. 6 - From a cross between e f g and e f g strains of...Ch. 6 - In Step 6 of Fig. 6.27, the resolvase enzyme...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.31shows four potential outcomes of...Ch. 6 - Each of the substrates for site-specific...Ch. 6 - Prob. 37PCh. 6 - Suppose that you could inject a wild-type mouse...Ch. 6 - C31 is a type of bacteriophage that infects...Ch. 6 - Cre is a recombinase enzyme encoded by a gene in...Ch. 6 - Like Cre/loxP recombination, site-specific...
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- Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled, diploid fungus (which is, of course, a eukaryote, that is capable of both meiosis and sexual reproduction). Wild type yeast can normally grow on solid or liquid minimal medium; you isolate three mutant strains which are no longer capable of growing on minimal medium alone, however, they can grow on medium supplemented with adenine. All three yeast strains are homozygous for the underlying alleles. When you cross mutant strain 1 and mutant strain 2, the offspring cannot grow on minimal medium alone and require adenine supplementation; when you cross mutant strain 1 and mutant strain 3, the offspring can grow on minimal medium alone and do not require adenine. A. What conclusions can you make about the alleles of mutant strains 1, 2, and 3 and their relationships with each other? B. What phenomenon is occurring in the cross between mutant strains 1 and 3?arrow_forwardIdentify the single most correct choice: a) DNA replication is a non-conservative process. b) Peroxide and ozone can be used as antimicrobial agents and their mechanism of action is via oxidizing molecules inside the cells. c) Antibiotics can never be used as food preservatives. d) All of the above.arrow_forwardThe 3′ → 5′ exonuclease activity of Pol I excises only unpaired 3′-terminal nucleotides from DNA, whereas this enzyme’s pyrophosphorolysis activity removes only properly paired 3′-terminal nucleotides. Discuss the mechanistic signifi cance of this phenomenon in terms of the polymerase reaction.arrow_forward
- An Hfrstrain that is a *b*c*d* e*f* g *h* is mated with an F strain that is a b e d e f gh. The mating is interrupted at 5 minutes interval, and the genotypes of the F recombinants are determined. The results obtained are tabulated in Table 2. Draw the map of the Hfrchromosome and indicate the position of the origin of transfer, the direction of the transfer and the minutes between genes. Table 2:Entry time of Hfr chromosome into recipient cell. Time a d e f h 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +arrow_forwardWhat do you mean by Error-Prone Repair by Nonhomologous End Joining?arrow_forwardAcridine orange is a chemical that inhibits the replication ofF- factor DNA but does not affect the replication of chromosomalDNA, even if the chromosomal DNA contains an Hfr. Let’s supposethat you have an E. coli strain that is unable to metabolizelactose and has an F factor that carries a streptomycin-resistantgene. You also have an F− strain of E. coli that is sensitive to streptomycinand has the genes that allow the bacterium to metabolize lactose. This second strain can grow on a lactose-containing medium.How would you generate an Hfr strain that is resistant tostreptomycin and can metabolize lactose? (Hint: F factors occasionally integrate into the chromosome to become Hfr strains, and occasionally Hfr strains excise their DNA from the chromosome to become F+ strains that carry an F′ factor.)arrow_forward
- Why evenly spaced sequence in chromatogram is an indication of a good DNA chromatogram?arrow_forwardThe E. coli chromosome is 1.28 mm long. Under optimal conditions, thechromosome is replicated in 40 minutes.(a) What is the distance traversed by one replication fork in 1 minute?(b) If replicating DNA is in the B form (10.4 base pairs per turn), how manynucleotides are incorporated in 1 minute in one replication fork?(c) If cultured human cells (such as HeLa cells) replicate 1.2 m of DNAduring a five-hour S phase and at a rate of fork movement one-tenthof that seen in E. coli, how many origins of replication must the cellscontain?(d) What is the average distance, in kilobase pairs, between these origins?arrow_forwardA chromosome from a multicellular slime mold called purple oblex (Plasmodiophora oblexii) is 13% adenine (A), what is the percentage of guanine (G)?arrow_forward
- What do you mean by conjugation? Give some example.arrow_forwardYou have used the technique of chromatin immunoprecipitation to isolate DNA fragments containing a DNA-binding protein of interest. Suppose that you wish to know whether a particular known DNA fragment is present in the isolated mixture. How might you detect its presence?arrow_forwardSupercoiled DNA is slightly unwound compared to relaxed DNA and this enables it to assume a more compact structure with enhanced physical stability. Describe the enzymes that control the number of supercoils present in the E. coli chromosome. How much would you have to reduce the linking number to increase the number of supercoils by five?arrow_forward
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