Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 17PDQ
In recombination studies of the rII locus in phage T4, what is the significance of the value determined by calculating phage growth in the K12 versus the B strains of E. coli following simultaneous infection in E. coli B? Which value is always greater?
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Bacteriophage P22 was used in generalised transduction experiments to infect the Salmonella
typhimurium donor strains described in the table below.
The resulting phage lysates were then used to infect the recipient strains of S. typhimurium
recipient strains listed in the table.
In each cross, a phenotype was selected for one of the selected for one of the three genetic
markers studied (str, aceA, thrA), and were made to select the recombinants corresponding to the
other two markers. markers.
The results are given in the following table:
Strain
I donor
str thrA
aceA thrA
str aceA+
Strain
recipient
strs thrA+
aceA thrA
str aceA
Phenotype
selected
Str
Ace+
Str
recombinants
selected
ThrA
ThrA
ThrA
ThrA
Ace
Ace
Number
60
40
95
5
10
90
str: gene involved in streptomycin resistance,
aceA: gene involved in the use of acetate as a carbon source,
thrA: gene involved in threonine biosynthesis.
1) What are the selective media used in these three transduction experiments? to obtain the
selected…
Bacteriophage P22 was used in generalized transduction experiments to infect the Salmonella
typhimurium donor strains described in the table below. The resulting phage lysates were then
used to infect the S. typhimurium recipient strains listed in the table. In each cross, a
phenotype was selected for one of the three genetic markers studied (str, aceA, thrA), and then
replicates were performed to select the corresponding recombinants for the other two markers.
The results are given in the following table:
Recipient strain Selected phenotype Selected recombinants
Donor
strain
str thrA
aceA+ thrA
str aceA+
strs thrA+
aceA thrA+
str aceA
Str
Ace+
Str
ThrA
ThrA+
ThrA
ThrA+
Ace
Ace
str: gene involved in streptomycin resistance,
aceA gene involved in the use of acetate as a carbon source,
thrA: gene involved in the biosynthesis of threonine.
Number
60
40
95
5
10
90
Determine the order of the genes and draw a genetic map showing this order
a.
Bacteriophage P22 was used in generalized transduction experiments to infect the Salmonella
typhimurium donor strains described in the table below. The resulting phage lysates were then
used to infect the S. typhimurium recipient strains listed in the table. In each cross, a
phenotype was selected for one of the three genetic markers studied (str, aceA, thrA), and then
replicates were performed to select the corresponding recombinants for the other two markers.
The results are given in the following table:
Recipient strain Selected phenotype Selected recombinants
Donor
strain
str thrA
aceAt thrA
str aceA+
strs thrA+
aceA thrA+
str aceA
Str
Ace+
Str
ThrA
ThrA+
ThrA
ThrA+
Ace
Ace+
str: gene involved in streptomycin resistance,
aceA: gene involved in the use of acetate as a carbon source,
thrA: gene involved in the biosynthesis of threonine.
Number
60
40
95
5
10
90
What are the selective media used in these three transduction experiments, on the one
hand to obtain the selected…
Chapter 6 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 6 - When the interrupted mating technique was used...Ch. 6 - In a transformation experiment involving a...Ch. 6 - In complementation studies of the rII locus of...Ch. 6 - A 4-month-old infant had been running a moderate...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2CSCh. 6 - Prob. 3CSCh. 6 - Prob. 4CSCh. 6 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we have focused...Ch. 6 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 123. Many...Ch. 6 - With respect to F+ and F bacterial matings, answer...
Ch. 6 - List all major differences between (a) the F+ F...Ch. 6 - Describe the basis for chromosome mapping in the...Ch. 6 - In general, when recombination experiments are...Ch. 6 - Why are the recombinants produced from an Hfr F...Ch. 6 - Describe the origin of F bacteria and merozygotes.Ch. 6 - In a transformation experiment, donor DNA was...Ch. 6 - Describe the role of heteroduplex formation during...Ch. 6 - Explain the observations that led Zinder and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 6 - Two theoretical genetic strains of a virus (abc...Ch. 6 - The bacteriophage genome consists of many genes...Ch. 6 - If a single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell...Ch. 6 - A phage-infected bacterial culture was subjected...Ch. 6 - In recombination studies of the rII locus in phage...Ch. 6 - In an analysis of rII mutants, complementation...Ch. 6 - If further testing of the mutations in Problem 18...Ch. 6 - Using mutants 2 and 3 from Problem 19, following...Ch. 6 - During the analysis of seven rII mutations in...Ch. 6 - In studies of recombination between mutants 1 and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 23ESPCh. 6 - An Hfr strain is used to map three genes in an...Ch. 6 - A plaque assay is performed beginning with 1 mL of...Ch. 6 - In a cotransformation experiment, using various...Ch. 6 - For the experiment in Problem 26, another gene, g,...Ch. 6 - Bacterial conjugation, mediated mainly by...Ch. 6 - A study was conducted in an attempt to determine...
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- In a generalized-transduction experiment, phages arecollected from an E. coli donor strain of genotype cys+leu+ thr+ and used to transduce a recipient of genotypecys- leu- thr-. Initially, the treated recipient populationis plated on a minimal medium supplemented with leucine and threonine. Many colonies are obtained.a. What are the possible genotypes of these colonies?b. These colonies are then replica plated onto threedifferent media: (1) minimal plus threonine only, (2)minimal plus leucine only, and (3) minimal. Whatgenotypes could, in theory, grow on these three media?c. Of the original colonies, 56 percent are observed togrow on medium 1, 5 percent on medium 2, and nocolonies on medium 3. What are the actual genotypes ofthe colonies on media 1, 2, and 3?d. Draw a map showing the order of the three genes andwhich of the two outer genes is closer to the middle genearrow_forwardTwo mutations that affect plaque morphology in phages (a and b ) have been isolated. Phages carrying both mutations (a b) are mixed with wild-type phages (a* b*) and added to a culture of bacterial cells. Once the phages have infected and lysed the bacteria, samples of the phage lysate are collected and cultured on plated bacteria. The following numbers of plaques are observed: Plaque phenotype Number a* b* 2043 a* b- 320 a b* 357 2134 What is the frequency of recombination between the a and b genes?arrow_forwardE. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage λ. One strain has a mutant host range, is temperature sensitive, and produces clear plaques (genotype h st c); another strain carries the wildtype alleles (genotype h+ st+ c+). Progeny phages are collected from the lysed cells and are plated on bacteria. The following numbers of different progeny phages are obtained: Progeny phage genotype Number of plaques h+ c+ st+ 321 h c st 338 h+ c st 26 h c+ st+ 30 h+ c st+ 106 h c+ st 110 h+ c+ st 5 h c st+ 6 a. Determine the order of the three genes on the phage chromosome. b. Determine the map distances between the genes. c. Determine the coefficient of coincidence and the interferencearrow_forward
- Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several 200 mal+ genes in Escherichia coli by using interrupted conjugation. 150 In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr strain AB-312, which were xyl* mtl* mal* met* and sensitive to phage T6, with F strain AB-531, which was xyl mtl mal met and resistant to phage T6. The 100 mt/+ cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and 50 met+ interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survived and were then tested for the presence of 0. 20 40 60 80 100 genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph. Time of sampling (minutes) On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum distances between them in minutes. The origin of transfer is…arrow_forwardTwo mutations that affect plaque morphology in phages (a− and b −) have been isolated. Phages carrying both mutations (a− b−) are mixed with wild-type phages (a+ b+) and added to a culture of bacterial cells. Once the phages have infected and lysed the bacteria, samples of the phage lysate are collected and cultured on plated bacteria. The following numbers of plaques are observed: Plaque phenotype Number a+ b+ 2043 a+ b− 320 a− b+ 357 a− b− 2134 What is the frequency of recombination between the a and b genes?arrow_forwardBy conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the following table:Explain how these results are consistent with the idea that thebacterial chromosome is circular?arrow_forward
- Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several genes in Escherichia coli by using interrupted conjugation. In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr strain AB‑312, which were xyl+ mtl+ mal+ met+ and sensitive to phage T6, with F− strain AB‑531, which was xyl− mtl− mal− met− and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F− cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survived and were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph. On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum distances between them in minutes. The origin of transfer is represented by the red triangle. The distances between genes are not…arrow_forwardBy conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the following table:What information do you know based on the question and your understanding of the topic?arrow_forwardAustin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several genes in E. coli by using interrupted conjugation . In one experiment, they mixed cells of Hfr strain AB-312, which were xyl+ mtl+ mal+ met+ and sensitive to phage T6, with F− strain AB-531, which was xyl− mtl− mal− met− and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F− cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survivedand were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the accompanying graph. On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and indicate the minimum distances between them.arrow_forward
- What is meant by the term site-specific recombination as used in identifying the processes that lead to the integration of temperate bacteriophages into host bacterial chromosomes during lysogeny or to the formation of specialized transducing phage?arrow_forwardBy conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the following table:Analyze data. Compare and contrast. Make a drawing.arrow_forwardIn E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an enzyme involved in galactose utilization. An E. coli strain that contained wild-type versions of both genes was infected with P1 phage, and then a P1 lysate was obtained. This lysate was used totransduce (infect) a strain that was bioD− and galK−. The cellswere plated on a medium containing galactose as the sole carbonsource for growth to select for transduction of the galK+ gene.This medium also was supplemented with biotin. The resultingcolonies were then restreaked on a medium that lacked biotin tosee if the bioD+ gene had been cotransduced. The following resultswere obtained:What topic in genetics does this question address?arrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license