Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.5PS
Violating the Second Law? The second law of
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 5 - How do phototrophs and chemotrophs depend...Ch. 5 - How does the spontaneity of a chemical reaction...Ch. 5 - QUESTION: Why does the height of the spike get...Ch. 5 - For a chemical reaction happening in a cell, what...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.1PSCh. 5 - QUANTITATIVE Photosynthetic Energy Transduction....Ch. 5 - Energy Conversion. Most cellular activities...Ch. 5 - Problem Set Enthalpy, Entropy, and Free Energy....Ch. 5 - Violating the Second Law? The second law of...Ch. 5 - QUANTITATIVE The Equilibrium Constant. The...
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- Handwrite everything in the picture The first law of thermodynamics, AU= q - w (2) where AU = internal energy change for system q = energy transfer into system by heat flow -W = work done by system may be applied to the actual Calorimeter process, which is assumed to be adiabatic (q = 0). In the present experiment, w, which consists mainly of the work of stirring, can be neglected' and Eq. (2) then becomes AUc = 0 (3) Since the energy Change is independent of path, one has AU = AU + J Co CdT (4) Since the temperature change is small, it is usually valid to consider C to be constant, so that the integral becomes equal to C(T2 - T1). One then obtains AUT1= -C(T2 - T1) (5) It may be observed that a temperature rise corresponds to a negative AUT1, that is, to a decrease in energy for the imagined isothermal process. The next step is to calculate AU,° from AUT1. Although the energy is not sensitive to changes in pressure, the correction to standard states, called the Washburn correction,…arrow_forwardBIOMOLECULES - MULTIPLE CHOICE - Please answer properly QUESTION : Which of the following best describes the transition state of a catalyzed reaction? A. higher in energy than that of an uncatalyzed reaction B. lower in energy than that of an uncatalyzed reaction C. bound very weakly to the catalyst D. lower energy than the reaction substratearrow_forwardbiochemistry question, please show all work! As the result of a storm while on a three-hour boat tour, you have found yourself on an uncharted island with several other people. The (additional) bad news is that you and your fellow castaways have become infected with a previously unknown, lethally pathogenic organism, P. Fortunately, however, you have discovered a biochemistry laboratory on the island, and you begin to study the organism. In Organism P, the ATP synthase enzyme complex can synthesize ATP using a proton gradient, and can use ATP hydrolysis to generate a proton gradient. For Organism P you measure: pHinside = 8.5, pHoutside = 7.3, and membrane potential = –110 mV.a. Assumingthatthebacteriumisaspherewithadiameterof2.34μm,howmany “free protons” are present in the cell?b. Assuming [ATP] = 5 mM, [ADP] = 1 mM, and [Pi] = 2 mM, and the cellular temperature is 25°C, what is the minimum number of protons that must enter the cell to yield enough energy to synthesize an ATP from an…arrow_forward
- Knowing that liquid liquid phase separation will occur when the change of gibbs free energy of the system is negative and the gibbs free energy is contributed of enthalpy and entropy. Please states all the conditions (maybe like increasing/decreasing the concentration of that molecules? etc.) in biological system that induce liquid liquid phase separation.arrow_forwardA violation of the First Law? The complete combustion of glucose to CO 2 and H 2 O yields 30 ATP, as shown in Table 18.4 . However, the synthesis of glucose requires only 18 ATP. How is it possible that glucose synthesis from CO 2 and H 2 O requires only 18 ATP , but combustion to CO 2 and H 2 O yields 30 ATP? Is it a violation of the First Law of Thermodynamics , or perhaps a miracle?arrow_forwardActivity 1: Solve Me! Direction: Solve the given problem below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Calculate the entropy change AS universe for the following reaction, at 25 C. CO + 2H2 CH,OH Standard entropy, AS CO 197.7 J/mol-K Ha = 130.7 J/mol-K CH,OH = 127.2 J/mol-K Standard enthalpy of formation, AH? CO -110.5 kJ/mol H2 = 0 kJ/mol CH3OHm = -238.4 kJ/mol b. From the calculated entropy change value, what can you conclude regarding the process? Answer:arrow_forward
- Why is understanding reaction rates significant? Indicate at least 3 key importance of understanding reaction rates.arrow_forwardMany reactions in metabolism are thermodynamically unfavorable (ie-the reaction DOES NOT favor the products). 1) Explain how these reactions are driven in metabolism. (THIS CAN BE ANSWERED IN ONE SENTENCE CONTAINING APPROX 8-10 WORDS!) 2) Evolution has selected for a particular molecule to be the "energy currency" of life. What is that molecule? Briefly describe what makes this molecule the favored "energy currency" over other similar types of molecules.arrow_forwardkcat = ? an enzyme has an aspartic acid in the active site with a pKa = 4.0 and the kcat for this enzyme is directly proportional to the fraction of this side chain that is ionized. If the kcat at pH = 4.0 is 52.9x103 s-1 what is the kcat for this enzymes at pH 3.5arrow_forward
- Drag and drop from the available list of terms. Anabolic reactions are type of reaction. In these reactions, the entropy within the system. increases endergonic exotropic endotropic decreases unchanged at equlibrium exergonicarrow_forwardEVOLUTION LINK Some have argued that evolution is impossible because the second law of thermodynamics states that entropy always increases; therefore natural processes cannot give rise to greater complexity. In what ways is this statement a misunderstanding of the laws of thermodynamics?arrow_forwardFigure 6.8 Look at each of the processes shown, and decide if it is endergonic or exergonic. In each case, does enthalpy increase or decrease, and does entropy increase or decrease?arrow_forward
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