Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 44.1, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The conduction of a signal between two neurons at a chemical synapse with the help of a diagram.
Introduction:
Each and every stimulus is carried to our brain by the sensory neurons. The stimulus is converted into the action potentials that are carried in the form of either an electrical impulse or the chemical message. The chemical message is transferred with the help of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, glycine, and glutamine.
Structure of two neurons representing the chemical synapse between them
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Starting with the action of a neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic end of a neuron, what happens to generate an action potential to a second neuron?
Why does an action potential move in an all-or-nothing fashion down the length of an axon without stopping?
If an excitatory neurotransmitter binds to the post-synaptic neuron, what type of an event will that cause?
What happens if the neurotransmitter is an inhimitory neurotransmitter?
What type of ion will move into the post-synaptic neuron?
What type of polarizing event will occur?
and What happen at the axon hillock?
Chapter 44 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.arrow_forwardWhat is a synapse? Explain the difference between an excitatory and an inhibitory synapse.arrow_forwardDraw a simple schematic of a neuron and label its parts. Where does “information” usually go in and through which structure is it passed on? Where is the action potential generated?arrow_forward
- Draw an arrow showing the direction that an impulse travels along a neuronarrow_forwardIf all the Ca2+ in the fluid surrounding a neuron were removed, how would this affect the transmission of information within and between neurons?arrow_forwardInhibitory postsynaptic potentials cause what type of change at the post-synaptic membrane?arrow_forward
- Neurons, particularly those in the brain, receive multiple excitatory and inhibitory signals. What is the name of the extension of the neuron at which such signals are received? How does the neuron integrate these signals to determine whether or not to generate an action potential?arrow_forwarda.Would an action potential travels faster in an axon with a wide diameter or a small diameter? b. Would an action potential travel faster in an axon that is myelinated or unmyelinated?arrow_forwardDescribe how following a threshold stimulus, a action potential is carried along an unmyelinated axon? How does this differ from an action potential passing through a mylenated axon?arrow_forward
- If a postsynaptic cell has synapses from five different cells, and three cause EPSPs and two of them cause IPSPs, give an example of a series of depolarizations and hyperpolarizations that would result in the neuron reaching threshold.arrow_forwardList the two types of synapses?arrow_forwardIf a pre-synaptic cell releases a large amount of excitatory neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, how will that affect the PSPs? Does that large release ensure that the postsynaptic cell will initiate an action potential, and what role does the axon hillock play in this process/decision?arrow_forward
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