Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 44.4, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The mechanism by which one muscle gets contracted and another gets relaxed by the same stimulus, in the knee-jerk reflex circuit.
Introduction:
A reflex reaction occurs in the situation requiring quick response, in which conscious processing of information is not required. The reaction is involuntary and autonomic or unconscious. For example, immediate removal of foot stepping on a pin and salivating on the sight and smell of tasty food.
The knee-jerk reflex response is required in the normal movement of legs. In this response the muscles act antagonistically, i.e., while one pair is relaxed, and another one is in the contracted state.
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Chapter 44 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- To demonstrate muscle fatigue, a student held an 8 lb dumbbell in her hand and abducted her arm parallel to the floor. After 45 seconds, she has having difficulty holding that position so she rotated her hand 90 degrees. This allowed her to hold the dumbbell in position for an additional 20 seconds. Which of the following is the best explanation for this? A. Different motor units were contracting while others were relaxing. B. Muscles began to contract isotonically rather than isometrically. C. The load was reduced. D. The resistance to contraction was reduced. E. The change in position provided a greater range of motion at the shoulder.arrow_forwardWhat evidence indicates that cortical activity represents the “idea” of the movement and not just the muscle contractions?arrow_forwardBoth the withdrawal reflex and the Golgi tendon reflex involve sensory signals that ultimately control the same type ofmotor neurons and both are protective. Explain how one reflex can cause muscle contraction while the other causes musclerelaxation.arrow_forward
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