Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44, Problem 9TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: There are three processes involved in the formation of urine namely filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. The filtration process occurs in the Bowman’s capsule where the blood is filtered through the ball of capillaries called as the glomerulus. The tubular reabsorption occurs in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules where the essential substance like amino acids, vitamins, and glucose are reabsorbed. The tubular secretion involves the secretion of drugs and toxins in the lumen for its removal.
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Which one of the following statements is false?a. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is greater than the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the plasma within the glomerular capillaries.b. If the osmotic pressure exerted by solutes in the peritubular capillaries is greater than the blood pressure in those capillaries, then water will be reabsorbed.c. Endothelial cells in glomerular capillaries are highly permeable, facilitating filtration of fluid into Bowman’s capsule.d. Constriction of the afferent arteriole is likely to reduce the volume of filtrate appearing in Bowman’s capsule.e. The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerular capillaries directly to the renal vein.0.5 pointsQuestion 2Your doctor calls with the results of your urinalysis and tells you that they found proteinuria, the presence of abnormal amounts of protein in your urine sample. What could have caused this?a. Infection and inflammation in the kidney.b. Abnormally high concentration of plasma…
Water moves out of the filtrate of the descending limb of the nephronloop becausea. there is a high concentration of solutes in the surrounding fluid.b. the cells of the descending limb are permeable to ions.c. the difference in the diameter of the arterioles creates a pressuregradient.d. there is a high concentration of solutes in the descending limb.
Which of the following is true about the filtrate as it travels through the tubule?
A. as the permeability to water of the collecting duct increases, the osmolarity of the filtrate increases
B. it decreases in osmolarity as it travels through the proximal tubule
C. the increasing concentration of the medullary interstitium results in more water being reabsorbed in the ascending limb
D. the volume of the filtrate decreases the most in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
Chapter 44 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 44 - Indicate whether the following animals are...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2IQCh. 44 - Which of the three excretory processes is least...Ch. 44 - a. What substances are removed from the blood...Ch. 44 - In the following diagram of a nephron and...Ch. 44 - a. What type of nephron enables the production of...Ch. 44 - Prob. 7IQCh. 44 - Provide the following information concerning the...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 44 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 44 - Transport epithelia are responsible for a. pumping...Ch. 44 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 44 - The process of secretion in the formation of urine...Ch. 44 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 18TYK
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardAs the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forward
- Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) can be regulated by individual nephrons..which of the following represent the structures that play a role in this "Tubulo-Glomerular Feedback" mechanism? 45. ies, that A. The Corpus-Callosum and the Macula Densa. B. The Juxta-Glomerular Apparatus C. The Supra-Bowmanic Recipricator D. The Osmotic Filament Feedback Modulearrow_forwardNa+ ions are actively transported out of the tubules to help set up the countercurrent multiplier. Which of the following are sites of active Na+ ion transport in the nephron? Select one: a. Thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle, distal tubule b. Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, collecting duct c. Thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle, thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle d. Collecting duct, descending limb of the loop of Henle e. Proximal tubule, thick ascending limb of the loop of Henlearrow_forwardReabsorption of most solute molecules from the proximal convolutedtubule is linked to the active transport of Na+ across thea. apical membrane and out of the cell.b. apical membrane and into the cell.c. basal membrane and out of the cell.d. basal membrane and into the cell.arrow_forward
- the proximal convoluted tubule is Select one: a. impermeable to water. b. permeable to water if ADH is present. c. the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption. d. lined with epithelial cells that lack microvilli. e. the site of water secretion.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? a. Regulation of plasma (NA+) b. Secretion of a hormone that affects hematocrit c. Gluconeogenesis d. Secretion of a hormone that acts to decrease mean arterial pressure e. Metabolism of Vitamin Darrow_forwardAs effective filtration pressure increases: A. Glomerula filtration rate decreases. B. Filtrate production decreases. C. Gas exchange in the lungs increases. D. Reabsorption decreases in the nephron.arrow_forward
- The main function of the nephron loop is to: A. Eliminate acid B. Recover glucose and salt from the tubule fluid C. Create a high osmotic concentration in use extracellular fluid of the renal medulla allowing water recovery D. Secrete drugs scubas penicillin This is not and will not be gradedarrow_forwardDuring urine formation, movement of ions against concentration gradient from glomerular iltrate back into the plasma is called: a. Difusion b. Active transport c. Osmosis d. Filtrationarrow_forwardSeveral pharmacological agents have been shown to lower the pressure of the filtrate inside the lumen of nephrons. What affect will this have? a hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule increases, GFR increases b hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule decreases, GFR decreases c hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule increases, GFR decreases d hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule decreases, GFR increasesarrow_forward
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