Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44, Problem 12TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The kidney is the major excretory organ in animals. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney which involves in the removal of excretory substance that is present within the blood. Each part found in the nephron functions differently according to the osmotic gradient that finally results in the formation of concentrated urine.
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The function unique to the nephron loop is to a. regulate pH. b. excrete water. c. establish a concentration gradient in the medulla interstitial fluid. d. regulate the concentration of blood Ca2+.
The mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids.
Describe in detail how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) can be regulated by individual
nephrons..which of the following represent the structures that play a
role in this "Tubulo-Glomerular Feedback" mechanism?
45.
ies, that
A. The Corpus-Callosum and the Macula Densa.
B. The Juxta-Glomerular Apparatus
C. The Supra-Bowmanic Recipricator
D. The Osmotic Filament Feedback Module
Chapter 44 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 44 - Indicate whether the following animals are...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2IQCh. 44 - Which of the three excretory processes is least...Ch. 44 - a. What substances are removed from the blood...Ch. 44 - In the following diagram of a nephron and...Ch. 44 - a. What type of nephron enables the production of...Ch. 44 - Prob. 7IQCh. 44 - Provide the following information concerning the...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 44 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 44 - Transport epithelia are responsible for a. pumping...Ch. 44 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 44 - The process of secretion in the formation of urine...Ch. 44 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 18TYK
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardThe mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids. Explain how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.arrow_forwardWater moves out of the filtrate of the descending limb of the nephronloop becausea. there is a high concentration of solutes in the surrounding fluid.b. the cells of the descending limb are permeable to ions.c. the difference in the diameter of the arterioles creates a pressuregradient.d. there is a high concentration of solutes in the descending limb.arrow_forward
- The cortical nephron is characterized by all of the following except: a. short nephron loop b. glomerulus is further from the cortex-medulla junction c. glomerulus is close to the cortex-medulla junction d. efferent arteriole supplies peritubular capillariesarrow_forwardthe process that initiates urine formation in most types of vertebrates is ultrafiltration of fluid from the blood plasma into kidney tubules under the force of blood pressure. What properties of the blood plasma in the urine-forming structures of the kidney are likely to affect the rate of ultrafiltration into the kidney tubules? Why is failure of urine production a potential side effect of heart disease?arrow_forwardThe nephridia of an earthworm differs from the human nephron in that the nephridia: O a. Has no reabsorption of water. O b. Is excreting ammonia instead of urea. Oc. Selectively pumps ammonia into the nephridia. O d. Does not filter the blood. e. Has no reabsorption of salts.arrow_forward
- Na+ ions are actively transported out of the tubules to help set up the countercurrent multiplier. Which of the following are sites of active Na+ ion transport in the nephron? Select one: a. Thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle, distal tubule b. Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, collecting duct c. Thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle, thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle d. Collecting duct, descending limb of the loop of Henle e. Proximal tubule, thick ascending limb of the loop of Henlearrow_forwardWhat would be the effect of a dysfunctional Na+/K+ pump in the cells of the following parts of the nephro:a. Proximal convoluted tubule?b. Loop of Henle?c. Distal convoluted tubule?arrow_forwardFor Numbers 2-5, the following are the choices A.Proximal convoluted tubule B.Descending limb of nephron loop C.Ascending limb of nephron loop D.Distal convoluted tubule Medullary collecting duct Active transport of sodium; water follows passively Active transport of sodium; impermeable to water Passively permeable to water only Passively permeable to water and ureaarrow_forward
- All of the following statements about Juxtamedullary nephrons are correct EXCEPT their glomeruli lie in the renal medulla. a. b. are important in the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. C. Their loops of Henle dip deep into the medulla. d. they are not the predominant type of nephron found in human kidneys. Vasa recta.surround the tubule of the nephron. e.arrow_forwardThiazide diuretics are a type of drug that act on the sodium transport pump in the distal convoluted tubule, used to treat hypertension and edema. They inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption by blocking this transporter. Based on your understanding, describe the effects this would have in the relevant structures and functions inside the nephron , the effect it would have on the resulting urine output , and the effect this would have on the blood throughout the body . Use specific terms and structures discussed in class in your answer.arrow_forwardWhich of the following structures is most effective for the excretion of excess water? A. The Malpighian tubules of an insect B. The rectal gland of a shark C. The flame cells of a flatworm D. The ionocytes of a crayfish E. All of the above are equally effective in the excretion of excess waterarrow_forward
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