Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44, Problem 14TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the hypothalamus and is also called vasopressin. The main function of this hormone is to conserve water when there is depletion of water in the body. It increases the expression of aquaporins or water channels in the distal tube and the collecting duct for the reabsorption of water. It also plays an important role in regulating blood pressure.
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Many caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea, and cola drinks have diuretic effects on the body. Why do caffeinated beverages increase the volume of urine?
Select one:
a. Caffeine increases ADH, which increases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
b. Caffeine inhibits ADH, which reduces the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
c. Caffeine increases ADH, which reduces the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
d. Caffeine inhibits ADH, which increases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
Which of the following is TRUE about glucose reabsorption in the kidney?
a.If an individual does not have diabetes mellitus, 100% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule.
b.If an individual has diabetes mellitus, filtered glucose will be present in all the renal tubule.
c.Glucose reabsorption along the proximal convoluted tubule uses the sodium glucose secondary active transporter and it is independent of insulin.
d.All of the above
e.None of the above
asap
Which of the following is TRUE concerning renal handling of potassium?
a.
A high potassium meal will cause enhanced basolateral uptake via sodium-potassium pumps
b.
Most potassium reabsorption occurs at the distal tubules
c.
Aldosterone enhances potassium reabsorption at the proximal tubule
d.
Potassium is not filtered, so urinary excretion of potassium will only occur by stimulating potassium secretion
e.
Decreased extracellular potassium concentration increases aldosterone production and thereby reduces potassium secretion
Chapter 44 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 44 - Indicate whether the following animals are...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2IQCh. 44 - Which of the three excretory processes is least...Ch. 44 - a. What substances are removed from the blood...Ch. 44 - In the following diagram of a nephron and...Ch. 44 - a. What type of nephron enables the production of...Ch. 44 - Prob. 7IQCh. 44 - Provide the following information concerning the...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 44 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 44 - Transport epithelia are responsible for a. pumping...Ch. 44 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 44 - The process of secretion in the formation of urine...Ch. 44 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 18TYK
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- which of the following is NOT describing the homeostatic function of renal system? Select one: a. Not effective in regulation of acid-base balance b. Very effective in regulation of arterial blood pressure c. Secretion of insulin d. No role in gluconeogenesis e. Regulation of blood glucosearrow_forwardWhich is the correct answer for kidney from the following statement(s)? Local production of prostaglandin in kidney protects kidney from ischemic injury. a. Sympathetic stimulation has no effect on afferent and efferent arterioles so that kidney is protected from undergoing ischemia. b. Kidney is vulnerable to ischemic injury. C. d. NSAID inhibits production of angiotensin I. Only (a) and (c) are CORRECT e.arrow_forwardWhich of the following would occur as a result of increased renin release by the kidneys? Select one: a. An increase in blood volume b. An increase in urine output c. A decrease in blood pressure d. An increase in vasodilator secretion e. A decrease in aldosterone Clear my choicearrow_forward
- When a patient is treated with a drug that counteracts the effect of aldosterone (aldosterone antagonist), which of the following parameters are likely to fall? a. Sodium excreted in the urine b. Blood viscosity c. Plasma potassium concentration d. Blood volume e. Urine volumearrow_forwardA 30-year-old woman begins drinking excessive amounts because of increased thirst. She weighs 50 kg (110 lbs). She excretes approximately 8 L of dilute urine daily. Her serum sodium concentration is 147 mEq/L. Which of the following peptides will most likely relieve her thirst and decrease her daily volume of excreted urine? a. Angiotensin I b. Angiotensin II c. Bradykinin d. Desmopressin e. Oxytocin f. Substance Parrow_forwardMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. The thirst mechanism is mediated by osmoreceptors located in the cerebral cortex. b. The sensible water loss includes the water lost from the body via the skin and the respiratory system. c. The main hormone that regulates fluid balance is antidiuretic hormone (ADH). d. Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes water retention in the kidneys and increases the amount of water in the body. e. Dehydration is characterized by a decreased volume and increased osmolarity of the ECFarrow_forward
- A patient has an ADH-secreting pulmonary carcinoma (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion). As a result of unregulated ADH secretion, you would expect to find: a. retention of water resulting in volume expansion b. low urinary osmolality c. increased renal sodium reabsorption d. high serum sodium concentration e. b and c A 25-year old woman develops a nonfunctional hypothalamic tumor that results in a complete inability to produce oxytocin. The most likely pathological response to this deficiency is: a. inability to ovulate b. amenorrhea c. hypertension d. inability to lactate normally e. inability to deliver a child vaginallyarrow_forwardHigh levels of bicarbonate ions in the urine indicatea. a low level of H+ secretion into the urine.b. that the kidneys are causing blood pH to increase.c. that urine pH is decreasing.d. All of these are correct.arrow_forwardA 75-year-old man with a long history of diabetes mellitus is found unresponsive inhis apartment. He appears dehydrated. His serum glucose concentration is 860 mg/dL. A urine dipstick shows 4+ glucose and no ketones. Which of the following circulating hormones is the most likely cause of the absence of urinary ketones despite the increased serum glucose concentration?a. ADH (vasopressin)b.GlucagonC. Insulin d. Pancreatic polypeptide e. Somatostatinarrow_forward
- If the clearance of sodium doubles in a normal person then the following is physiologically likely: A. Doubling of plasma [Na] B. Doubling of GFR OC. Doubling of amount of sodium in urine D. Doubling of urine volume OE. Doubling of urine osmolarityarrow_forwardHyperaldosteronism (excessive aldosterone release) can be caused by many disease states including tumours in the adrenal gland. By now, we should be familiar with how this will affect sodium balance and blood pressure, but how would hyperaldosteronism affect potassium levels and why? Select one potassium effect (a or b) and one cause (c-f). a. The patient will become hyperkalemic. O b. The patient will become hypokalemic. O c. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Increased sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption, which then establishes a concentration gradient to increase potassium reabsorption. Od. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct. Increased sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption, which then establishes a concentration gradient to increase potassium reabsorption. O e. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct by increasing expression of EnaCs, sodium/potassium exchangers, and…arrow_forwardThe major action of ADH in the kidneys is to:a. increase water absorption by the proximal convoluted tubule.b. increase glomerular filtration rate.c. increase water reabsorption by the collecting duct.d. increase potassium’s excretion.arrow_forward
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