Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44, Problem 11TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The nephron plays an important role in the filtration of blood and removal of an unwanted substance from the blood. It consists of four compartments namely proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, a loop of Henle and collecting duct. These compartments functions together for the formation of urine by the process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
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If the tubular maximum is exceeded, then a. the carrier mechanism will work harder. b. the excess will be reabsorbed in the bladder. c. the excess will appear in the urine. d. its blood concentration will increase.
Which one of the following statements is false?a. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is greater than the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the plasma within the glomerular capillaries.b. If the osmotic pressure exerted by solutes in the peritubular capillaries is greater than the blood pressure in those capillaries, then water will be reabsorbed.c. Endothelial cells in glomerular capillaries are highly permeable, facilitating filtration of fluid into Bowman’s capsule.d. Constriction of the afferent arteriole is likely to reduce the volume of filtrate appearing in Bowman’s capsule.e. The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerular capillaries directly to the renal vein.0.5 pointsQuestion 2Your doctor calls with the results of your urinalysis and tells you that they found proteinuria, the presence of abnormal amounts of protein in your urine sample. What could have caused this?a. Infection and inflammation in the kidney.b. Abnormally high concentration of plasma…
Predict the consequences of stenosis (narrowing) of the right renal artery, a condition that reducesblood flow into the affected kidney. In your answer, consider the blood pressure in afferent arteriolesin the right versus the left kidneys and the systemic blood pressure. What treatment could be offeredto a person with this condition?
Chapter 44 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 44 - Indicate whether the following animals are...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2IQCh. 44 - Which of the three excretory processes is least...Ch. 44 - a. What substances are removed from the blood...Ch. 44 - In the following diagram of a nephron and...Ch. 44 - a. What type of nephron enables the production of...Ch. 44 - Prob. 7IQCh. 44 - Provide the following information concerning the...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 44 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 44 - Transport epithelia are responsible for a. pumping...Ch. 44 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 44 - The process of secretion in the formation of urine...Ch. 44 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 18TYK
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- . In a case where interstitial hydrostatic pressure is negative, the only force causing capillaries to reabsorb fluid isa. colloid osmotic pressure of the blood.b. colloid osmotic pressure of the tissuefluid.c. capillary hydrostatic pressure.d. interstitial hydrostatic pressure.e. net filtration pressure.arrow_forwardReabsorption of most solute molecules from the proximal convolutedtubule is linked to the active transport of Na+ across thea. apical membrane and out of the cell.b. apical membrane and into the cell.c. basal membrane and out of the cell.d. basal membrane and into the cell.arrow_forwardThe status of the afferent arteriole during high renin activity is.... a. vasoconstricted b. vasodilatedarrow_forward
- Select the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. The process of plasmalike fluid passing through the glomerulus to Bowman’s capsule is calleda. filtration.b. reabsorption.c. secretion.d. excretion.arrow_forwardthe proximal convoluted tubule is Select one: a. impermeable to water. b. permeable to water if ADH is present. c. the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption. d. lined with epithelial cells that lack microvilli. e. the site of water secretion.arrow_forwardWater moves out of the filtrate of the descending limb of the nephronloop becausea. there is a high concentration of solutes in the surrounding fluid.b. the cells of the descending limb are permeable to ions.c. the difference in the diameter of the arterioles creates a pressuregradient.d. there is a high concentration of solutes in the descending limb.arrow_forward
- The blood cells and fibrinogen was detected in the urine of 35-year-old woman with kidney disease. It was probably associated with the renal filter function. What is the structural composition of this filter? a. Endothelium of capillaries, basement membrane O b. Endothelium, podocytes c. Podocytes, basement membrane d. Three-layer basement membrane e. Endothelium of glomerular capillaries, three-layered basement membrane, podocytesarrow_forwardWhich of these is not true of the position of the kidneys in the body? a. They are medial to the aorta. b. They are retroperitoneal. c. The right kidney is lower than the left. d. They are inferior to the liver and spleen. e. They lie partially within the rib cagearrow_forwardIf a person develops high blood pressure, one of the compensatory mechanisms that comes into play is the fluid shift mechanism. This mechanism causes Select one: a. water to shift from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces. b. water to shift from inside cells into the extracellular fluid. c. water to stay inside the capillaries. d. increased filtration in the kidney, thereby increasing urine output. e. water to shift from the interstitial space into the capillaries.arrow_forward
- Which is the correct answer for kidney from the following statement(s)? Local production of prostaglandin in kidney protects kidney from ischemic injury. a. Sympathetic stimulation has no effect on afferent and efferent arterioles so that kidney is protected from undergoing ischemia. b. Kidney is vulnerable to ischemic injury. C. d. NSAID inhibits production of angiotensin I. Only (a) and (c) are CORRECT e.arrow_forwardThe glomerulus is what type of blood vessel a. Continuous arteriole b. Fenestrated arteriole c. Sinusoidal capillary d. Fenestrated capillaryarrow_forwardthe vasa recta participate in --------- , since they are freely permeable to small solutes and water surrounding the Loops of Henle deep into the iner medullary tissue of the kidneys. A. protein lysis b. re-absorption of glucose c. glomerular filtration rate d. concurrect exchangearrow_forward
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