Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44, Problem 18TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The kidney is the major excretory organ present in human beings. It is a bean-shaped organ located at the back of the abdomen. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. There are about 1 million nephrons present in the kidney and the number decreases with age. It serves as the major regulatory organ for the osmotic balance in the body.
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A researcher measured the rate of ADH excretion as a function of exercise.
6.
Plasma
4
ADH
Concentration
(pG/mL)
50
100
150
200
250
Exercise (Watts)
Perrault et. al. 1989
Based on the graph above, a student could infer that an increase in exercise effects ADH secretion and the resulting water levels in the blood, respectively, in the following way
Select one:
a.
ADH Secretion
Water Levels in Blood
Increases
Decreases
b.
ADH Secretion
Water Levels in Blood
Increases
Increases
O C.
ADH Secretion
Water Levels in Blood
Decreases
Decreases
d.
ADH Secretion
Water Levels in Blood
Decreases
Increases
Part 1
Marina is taking a drug that is metabolized into pharmacologically inert, water-soluble by-products before being excreted. What will be the effect of this process?
A. Marina's body will be less able to reabsorb the substance before it is excreted.
B, Marina's body will be more likely to reabsorb the substance before it is excreted.
C.The substance will be inactivated before it is excreted.
D. The substance will have its strongest effect just before it is excreted.
Part 1a
A drug administered via inhalation is absorbed through the nasal membranes and sinuses.
True
False
If a small amount of urea were added to an isoosmotic saline solution containing cells, what would be the result?a. The cells would shrink and remain that way.b. The cells would first shrink but then be restored to normal volume aftera brief period of time.c. The cells would swell and remain that way.d. The cells would first swell but then be restored to normal volume after a brief period of time.e. The urea would have no effect, even transiently.
Chapter 44 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 44 - Indicate whether the following animals are...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2IQCh. 44 - Which of the three excretory processes is least...Ch. 44 - a. What substances are removed from the blood...Ch. 44 - In the following diagram of a nephron and...Ch. 44 - a. What type of nephron enables the production of...Ch. 44 - Prob. 7IQCh. 44 - Provide the following information concerning the...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 44 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 44 - Transport epithelia are responsible for a. pumping...Ch. 44 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 44 - The process of secretion in the formation of urine...Ch. 44 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 18TYK
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- A patient has been vomiting for the last 3 days and has an abnormally low respiratory rate. a. Why do you think they have a low respiratory rate? b. What do you think has happened to the ECF volume and osmolarity over the last 3 days? c. Will this lead to any changes in the volume of water in their cells?arrow_forwardHyperkalemia is associated with the inability of the kidneys to properly filter potassium out of the blood. Which type of membrane transport do the kidneys use to filter the blood? A. Hydrostatic pressure B. Osmotic pressure C. Filtration D. Active diffusionarrow_forwardWhich of the following causes the kidney to conserve/retain sodium? a. aldosterone b. vasopressin c. oxytocin d. corticosterone Which of the following class of chemicals exerts its effects by entering cells, binding intracellular receptors, and affecting gene expression? a. Peptides b. Steroids c. Bioactive amines d. Amino acidsarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is true regarding Renal Function and the filtration of molecules? (this is not the same question as '48') 49. A. Large molecules like Glucose are not filtered into the renal tubules because Glucose is too big. B. Glucose molecules are ultimately secreted into the renal tubules; thát is why Glucose is found in the urine of a normal healthy person. C. Glucose molecules are filtered into the renal tubules but are rapidly reabsorbed; that is why very little glucose is found in the urine of a healthy person. D. Plasma Electrolytes are simply too big to be filtered into the renal tubules; that is why only a small concentration of extracellular electrolytes are is found in the urine of a healthy person.arrow_forwardIn a freshwater fish, a. water moves into the fish by osmosis.b. ions diffuse into the fish.c. urine has a high solute concentration.d. cells pump ions out of the fish.arrow_forwardHow would one describe insensible water loss, such as loss from the lungs? A. this type of water loss is the reason for most body water loss B. this helps to maintain a constant fluid balance in humans C. this water loss cannot be altered as needed by an organism D. this has the greatest affect on electrolyte balance in humans On average, the greatest loss of water from the human body occurs by: Group of answer choices A. perspiration B. feces production C. moisture loss at lungs D . urination Which of the following hormones helps to balance Ca2+ in the blood? Group of answer choices ADH & aldosterone PTH & calcitonin insulin & glucagon renin & ANParrow_forward
- To keep the proper concentrations of water and solutes in their blood, freshwater bony fish must drinka. lots of water and excrete large volumes of urine that are hypotonic to body fluids.b. no water and excrete large volumes of urine that are hypotonic to body fluids.c. lots of water and excrete large volumes of urine that are isotonic to body fluids.d. no water and excrete large volumes of urine that are isotonic to body fluids.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the functions of the kidneys and the heart using a table. If both were candidates running for the presidential elections inside your body, which one would choose and why? If you do not want to vote for either the heart or the kidney, which organ would you vote for and why? Think of a way to make your reason more substantial by considering the role of both the heart and the kidneys in blood pressure regulation.arrow_forward1 Uric acid is a waste product used by birds and insects because: a. It is very light. b. It is metabolically cheap to produce. c. It does not require a kidney for its production. d. It makes a coloured pigment for the bird or insect. e. It can easily be converted into useful products like feathers. 2 The nephridia of an earthworm differs from the human nephron in that the nephridia: a. Has no reabsorption of salts. b. Has no reabsorption of water. c. Does not filter the blood. d. Selectively pumps ammonia into the nephridia. e. Is excreting ammonia instead of urea. 3 Oxygen dissociation in your blood: a. Is the release of oxygen to the tissues. b. Occurs in the lungs. c. Is the ionisation of oxygen in water (blood plasma). d. Is controlled by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. e. Allows oxygen to attach to the haemoglobin. 4 Veins require valves, while arteries do not, because: a. The veins keep branching and the valves control which branch is open. b. Veins have blood that is…arrow_forward
- 1.What is the role of the renal system in regulating potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid [ECF]? a. Kidneys filter and excrete excess potassium ions into the urine. b. Kidneys respond to aldosterone by not excreting any potassium ions into the urine. c. Kidneys reabsorb all potassium ions into the urine. d. Kidneys excrete water molecules through aquaporins in the collecting duct. 2.Identify the cardiac dysrhythmia most associated with hypomagnesemia.arrow_forwardWhich of these ions is used to symport amino acids, glucose, and othersolutes through the apical membrane of tubule cells?a. K+ b. Na+ c. C− d. Ca2+ e. Mg2+arrow_forward49. A 25 year old man has drunk 2000 mL of water over the past 4 hours. For the past hour, he's felt the need to urinate but has not done so. He has remained continent because of which of the following? a. Inhibition of parasympathetic spinal cord neurons b. Inhibition of somatic motor neurons of the external urethral sphincter c. Inhibition of sympathetic neurons of the internal urethral sphincter d. Stimulation of descending sympathetic pathways to the internal urethral sphincter e. Stimulation of parasympathetic spinal cord neuronsarrow_forward
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