Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 50P
In marsupials like the opposum or kangaroo, X inactivation selectively inactivates the paternal X chromosome.
a. | Predict the possible coat colors of the progeny of both sexes if a female marsupial homozygous for a mutant allele of an X-linked coat color gene was mated with a male hemizygous for the alternative wild-type alleles of this gene. |
b. | Predict the possible coat colors of progeny of both sexes if a male marsupial hemizygous for an allele of an X-linked coat color gene was mated with a female homozygous for the alternative wild-type allele of this gene. |
c. | Why are the terms recessive and dominant not useful in describing the alleles of X-linked coat color genes in marsupials? |
d. | Why would marsupials heterozygous for two alleles of an X-linked coat color gene not have patches of fur of two different colors as did the tortoiseshell cats described in the previous problem? |
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XX individuals can be sex-reversed males if one of their X chromosomes contains a translocated
portion of the Y chromosome that includes the SRY gene. In light of what you now know about
X-chromosome inactivation, it seems that this karyotype might have more complex
consequences. In fact, although most such males are completely sex-reversed, X-chromosome
inactivation can cause some of these XX males to have varying degrees of residual female
characteristics.
a. X-chromosome inactivation in normal XX embryos occurs earlier in development than
SRY production in normal XY embryos. When present on a translocation X
chromosome, SRY is subject to inactivation. Formulate a hypothesis to explain why
many XX individuals with a translocation X chromosome that includes the SRY gene are
not completely sex-reversed (male).
b. Based on your answer to part (a), why do you think some individuals with this karyotype
are completely sex-reversed?
Males of many diploid species (like us) have X and Y sex chromosomes. They are hemizygous for most X-
linked genes. Thus, males express most X-linked alleles, whether they are dominant or recessive in
females. In the fruit fly Drosophila, it is common to achieve the equivalent of a test cross of X-linked
genes in females by assessing the readily observed phenotypes of their male progeny. Since males do
not receive X-linked genes from their father, sires of these crosses can be normal or wild-type flies. In fly
genetics, it is conventional to name a gene after the mutant phenotype that enabled its discovery.
Your challenge is to establish gene order and map distances between three X-linked genes in Drosophila.
Each gene is represented by recessive mutant alleles that express rather distinctive phenotypes relative
to their dominant wild-type alternative alleles. Flies expressing fruitless (f) are bisexual, lush (1) have a
heightened responses to ethanol, and ken&barbie (kb) lack external…
. Researchers discovered recently that the sole functionof the SRY protein is to activate an autosomal genecalled Sox9 in the presumptive gonad (before it has“decided” to become a testis or an ovary).a. What would be the sex of an XY individual homozygous for nonfunctional mutant alleles of Sox9?Explain.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 4 - Choose the best matching phrase in the right...Ch. 4 - Humans have 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell....Ch. 4 - The figure that follows shows the metaphase...Ch. 4 - Human XX males who are sex-reversed because they...Ch. 4 - Researchers discovered recently that the sole...Ch. 4 - One oak tree cell with 14 chromosomes undergoes...Ch. 4 - Indicate which of the cells numbered iv matches...Ch. 4 - a. What are the four major stages of the cell...Ch. 4 - Answer the questions that follow for each stage of...Ch. 4 - Can you think of anything that would prevent...
Ch. 4 - One oak tree cell with 14 chromosomes undergoes...Ch. 4 - Which types of cell division mitosis, meiosis I,...Ch. 4 - Complete the following statements using as many of...Ch. 4 - The five cells shown in figure a e are all from...Ch. 4 - One of the first microscopic observations of...Ch. 4 - A person is simultaneously heterozygous for two...Ch. 4 - Assuming i that the two chromosomes in every...Ch. 4 - In the moss Polytrichum commune, the haploid...Ch. 4 - Can you think of anything that would prevent...Ch. 4 - Sister chromatids are held together through...Ch. 4 - The pseudoautosomal regions PARs of the X and Y...Ch. 4 - Remarkably, the platypus has 10 sex chromosomes,...Ch. 4 - Somatic cells of chimpanzees contain 48...Ch. 4 - In humans: a. How many sperm develop from 100...Ch. 4 - Women sometimes develop benign tumors called...Ch. 4 - In a certain strain of turkeys, unfertilized eggs...Ch. 4 - Imagine you have two pure-breeding lines of...Ch. 4 - A system of sex determination known as...Ch. 4 - In Drosophila, the autosomal recessive brown eye...Ch. 4 - Barred feather pattern is a Z-linked dominant...Ch. 4 - When Calvin Bridges observed a large number of...Ch. 4 - In a vial of Drosophila, a research student...Ch. 4 - In 1919, Calvin Bridges began studying an X-linked...Ch. 4 - In Drosophila, a cross was made between a...Ch. 4 - As we learned in this chapter, the white mutation...Ch. 4 - The following is a pedigree of a family in which a...Ch. 4 - Each of the four pedigrees that follow represents...Ch. 4 - The pedigree that follows indicates the occurrence...Ch. 4 - Duchenne muscular dystrophy DMD is caused by a...Ch. 4 - The X-linked gene responsible for DMD encodes a...Ch. 4 - Males have hemophilia when they are hemizygous for...Ch. 4 - In the Fast Forward Box Visualizing X Chromosome...Ch. 4 - Consider the following pedigrees from human...Ch. 4 - Several different antigens can be detected in...Ch. 4 - The ancestry of a white female tiger bred in a...Ch. 4 - The pedigree that follows shows the inheritance of...Ch. 4 - In 1995, doctors reported a Chinese family in...Ch. 4 - In cats, the dominant O allele of the X-linked...Ch. 4 - In marsupials like the opposum or kangaroo, X...Ch. 4 - The pedigree diagram below shows a family in which...
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- Human females who are heterozygous for an X-linked recessive allele sometimes exhibit mild expression of the trait. However, such mild expression of X-linked traits in females who are heterozygous for Xlinked alleles is not seen in Drosophila. What might cause this difference in the expression of X-linked genes between human females and female Drosophila? (Hint: In Drosophila, dosage compensation is accomplished by doubling the activity of genes on the X chromosome of males.)arrow_forwardBarr bodies are formed to adjust X chromosome dosage in species other than humans, such as Drosophila (fruit flies) and C. elegans (nematodes). True or False ?arrow_forwardAn attached-X female fly, XX ¬Y (see the “Insights and Solutions” box), expresses the recessive X-linked white-eye mutation. It is crossed to a male fly that expresses the X-linked recessive miniature-wing mutation. Determine the outcome of this cross in terms of sex, eye color, and wing size of the offspring.arrow_forward
- . In humans, hemophilia is an X-linked recessive gene and will only be expressed in females if they are homozygous for this gene. However, in some rare cases, a heterozygote becomes hemophilic. Explain how this incident happens and why will there be skewed X-inactivation?arrow_forwardThe Notch mutation is a deletion on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Female flies heterozygous for Notch have an indentation on the margins of their wings; Notch is lethal in the homozygous and hemizygous conditions. The Notch deletion covers the region of the X chromosome that contains the locus for white eyes, an X-linked recessive trait. Give the phenotypes and proportions of progeny produced in the following crosses. Q. A red-eyed Notch female is mated with a white-eyed male.arrow_forwardThe Notch mutation is a deletion on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Female flies heterozygous for Notch have an indentation on the margins of their wings; Notch is lethal in the homozygous and hemizygous conditions. The Notch deletion covers the region of the X chromosome that contains the locus for white eyes, an X-linked recessive trait. Give the phenotypes and proportions of progeny produced in the following crosses. Q.A white-eyed Notch female is mated with a white-eyed male.arrow_forward
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