Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The genotypes of the two parental mice in the cross.
Introduction: The combination of alleles, situated on corresponding chromosomes that determines a specific trait of an individual, such as "Aa" or "aa."
b.
To draw: The chromosomes of the parents.
Introduction: The genotype is the carrier of genetic information, transmitted from generation to generation. It is the system that controls the development, structure, and vital activity of the organism, that is, the total of all the characteristics of the body its
c.
To determine: The map unit value or values and show how they were obtained.
Introduction: In genetics, a centimorgan or map unit is a unit for measuring genetic linkage. It is defined as the distance between chromosome positions for which the expected average number of intervening chromosomal crossovers in a single generation is 0.01.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 4 Solutions
Introduction to Genetic Analysis
- Given the karyotype shown at right, is this a male or a female? Normal or abnormal? What would the phenotype of this individual be?arrow_forwardThe following pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of red-green color blindness in a family. Females are shown as circles and males as squares; the squares or circles of individuals affected by the trait are filled in black. What is the chance that a son of the third-generation female indicated by the arrow will be color blind if the father is not color blind? If he is color blind?arrow_forwardA dihybrid cross is performed between two heterozygous individuals (heterozygous for two traits). The resulting offspring had 62 individuals that were dominant for trait 1 and 2 (D/D), 7 individuals that were R/R, 21 individuals that were R/D, and 25 individuals that were D/R. Using Mendelian inheritance as the null hypothesis, use χ2 analysis to determine if the trait follows Mendelian inheritance. A. How many D/D phenotype offspring are expected? B. How many R/D phenotype offspring are expected? C. How many degrees of freedom are there? D. What is your calculated χ2 value? E. What is the critical value if using a probability of 0.05? F. Does the trait follow Mendelian inheritance?arrow_forward
- In goats, a beard is produced by an autosomal allele that is dominant in males and recessive in females. We’ll use the symbol Bb for the beard allele and B+ for the beardless allele. Another independently assorting autosomal allele that produces a black coat (W) is dominant over the allele for white coat (w). Give the phenotypes and their expected proportions for the following crosses. Q. B+ Bb Ww male × Bb Bb ww femalearrow_forwardIn goats, a beard is produced by an autosomal allele that is dominant in males and recessive in females. We’ll use the symbol Bb for the beard allele and B+ for the beardless allele. Another independently assorting autosomal allele that produces a black coat (W) is dominant over the allele for white coat (w). Give the phenotypes and their expected proportions for the following crosses. Q.B+ Bb Ww male × B+ Bb ww femalearrow_forwardA hypothetical brown frog with black spots (genotype BbSs) is test crossed with a green, unspotted frog (genotype bbss). These produce the following progeny: brown + spotted: 64 brown + unspotted: 134 green + spotted: 130 green + unspotted: 72 a. What is the genotype of the original dihybrid frog? Specify which alleles are on each chromosome of the brown frog with black spots (i.e. AB/ab or Ab/aB). b. How many map units separate the colour and spot genes? Show your calculations.arrow_forward
- Mendel crossed true-breeding plants with wrinkled and green peas to true breeding plants with round and yellow peas. Then he crossed the Fl plants to true-breeding plants with wrinkled, green peas and observed in the progeny 31 plants with round, yellow peas, 26 plants with round, green peas, 27 plants with wrinkled, yellow peas, and 26 with wrinkled, green peas. a) What proportion of these four phenotypes would be expected? b) Calculate the appropriate chi-square and determine if it is consistent with Mendelian expectations (be sure to indicate the probability range).arrow_forwardIn roses, purple flower color is determined by the dominant P allele, while pp homozygotes are white. The presence of long stems is determined by the dominant S allele, while ss homozygotes have short stems. Both mutations are completely penetrant. A test cross was performed between a rose plant of unknown genotype with a white flowered, short stemmed rose plant (pp ss) and the following 200 progeny plants were obtained: 84 white flowers, long stems 16 purple flowers, long stems 82 purple flowers, short stems 18 white flowers, short stems Select the statements below that are TRUE. Select 2 correct answer(s) The P and S genes independently assort during meiosis. The map distance between P and S is 17 CM. The genotype of the progeny plants with purple flowers and short stems is PP ss. The map distance between P and S is 83 CM. The homologs in the plant with unknown genotype are p S and Ps. The homologs in the plant with unknown genotype are PS and p s.arrow_forwardAn individual with the genotype F/f • G/g • H/h is testcrossed. Among the progeny, the proportions of genotypes from this cross are shown in the following table: a) What gene is in the middle? Type you answer in this box: b) Calculate the genetic distances (in centimorgans, cM) between: genes g and f: genes f and h: genes g and h: c) What are the genotypes of the two parents? d) Calculate the interference and type your answer here:arrow_forward
- A cross was performed using Drosophila melanogaster involving a female known to be heterozygous for both ebony body and sepia eyes and a male known to be homozygous wild type male. The resulting progeny were allowed to mate with one another to produce the data set. Three repetitions of the experiment were conducted. The following data were produced from the crosses. Test these data to determine if they are significantly different from the expected phenotypic ratio. Use the 5% level of significance. Your answer should include the hypothesized cross in genotypes, the Chi-squared value, the critical value and whether you reject or do not reject for each experiment. Wild eye Wild body – 112, Wild eye Ebony body – 40, Sepia eye Wild body – 35, Sepia eye Ebony body – 11arrow_forwardA series of three-point testcrosses is made to determine the genetic map order of seven linked allele pairs: A/a, B/b, G/g, H/h, Q/q, R/r, and Y/y.From each cross between a triply heterozygous parent listed below, two recombinant classes were noticed as the least frequent among all 8 progeny classes, and are listed at the right in the table. A. For each testcross write the genotype of the F1 heterozygous parent. F1 Parental Phenotype Least frequent F2 Phenotype 1.AHB&ahb AHb & ahB 2.RYh&ryH RYH & ryh 3.BhY&bHy Bhy & bHY 4.qYB&Qyb qYb & QyB 5.AbQ&aBq Abq & aBQ 6.ghR&GHr ghr & GHR B. Write the unified map order of these genes, showing your reasoning.arrow_forwardIn a cross involving independently assorting loci, the cross BBYY x bbyy (assume "B" and "Y" are dominant to "b" and "y," respectively) will yield all dihybrid offspring. When those offpspring are crossed, the result is usually a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. But what if the locus "B" and "Y" did not sort independently (i.e., they were linked, at least partially)? It would mean "BY" and "by" are now more likely. How would this specifically affect the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio? To be more clear, which one of these numbers in the ratio (9, 3, 3, and/or 1) would be expected to decrease? Question 3 options: the 9 would decrease both 3's would decrease one of the 3's would decrease the 1 would decreasearrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning