Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The structure of given uridine 5’-phosphate has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Composition of
Sugar: In both DNA and RNA, sugar portion is found. In DNA, the sugar is D-ribose, where at 2’hydroxyl group is absent and in RNA, the hydroxyl group is present at 2’.
Nitrogenous bases: Five types of nitrogenous bases (has unique one-letter code A, G, T, U, and C) are derived from two parent compounds called purine and pyrimidine. The purine derivatives are Adenine and Guanine, which are two fused nitrogen containing rings. The pyrimidine derivatives are Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil, which are only one nitrogen containing six-membered ring. Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine are the nitrogenous bases present in DNA. Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil are the nitrogenous bases present in RNA.
Nucleotide: (Nucleoside + phosphate)
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nuclei acids; monomers of DNA and RNA
Nucleoside and its naming: The combination of monosaccharide (sugar) and nitrogenous base is known as nucleoside. The nucleoside names are the nitrogenous base name modified with criteria. While naming nucleoside of purine derivatives the suffix ‘-osine’ is included and for pyrimidine derivatives the suffix ‘-idine’ is used. No prefix used for the nucleosides containing ribose and the prefix ‘deoxy-’ is used for deoxyribose.
Naming nucleotide: At the end of the nucleoside, phosphate group is added. For example, 5’-monophosphate means adding one phosphate group at 5’carbon in the sugar ring.
Numbering the atoms in sugar and base rings:
In order to distinguish the atoms in the sugar of a nucleoside and atoms of a base ring, numbers without prime is used for atoms in the base ring and numbers with prime used for the atoms in the sugar ring.
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- Give the name of the base, the ribonucleoside or deoxyribonucleoside, and the ribonucleoside triphosphate for A, G, C, T, and U.arrow_forwardWhen cytosine is treated with bisulfite, the amino group is replaced with a carbonyl group. Identify the resulting base.arrow_forwardDescribe the chemical differences between a ribonucleotide triphosphate and a deoxyribonucleotide monophosphate.arrow_forward
- For the trinucleotide 5’ G-C-A-3’ How many nucleotide subunits are present in its ‘backbone’? How many nucleotide ‘non-backbone’ subunits are present? How many phosphodiester linkages are present? What is the overall charge carried by the trinucleotide?arrow_forwardDescribe the steric interactions that determine the conformations that pyrimidine nucleosides assume.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) and a dideoxynucleotide triphosphate (ddNTP)?arrow_forward
- If a polyribonucleotide contains equal amounts ofrandomly positioned adenine and uracil bases, what proportion of its triplets will encode (a) phenylalanine, (b)isoleucine, (c) leucine, (d) tyrosine?arrow_forwardDraw a structural formula for the b-N-glycoside formed between 2-deoxy- d-ribofuranose and adenine.arrow_forwardGiven the structures of the ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides: Adenine Uracil Thymine HN Adenine NH HO-P-0- CH2 HO-P-0 CH2 HO-P-0-CH2 HO-P-0-CH он он он он OH H OH H Cytosine Cytosine Guanine Guanine NH2 NH NH2 CH2 HOo CH2 HO-P-0 -CH2 он он он он OH H OH H • Draw the structure of the polyribonucleotide UAGCCUG. Draw the structure of the polydeoxyribonucleotide CGTAGAT.arrow_forward
- Which one of these indicated groups or bonds:hydroxyl; phosphate; triphosphate; nitrogen base; phosphodiester bond; hydrogen bond; is present in each of the followingcases: (a) The 3' position of the last nucleotide added to the leading strand.(b) The 5' position of the first nucleotide of a RNA primer.(c) The 5' position of the first deoxyribonucleotide incorporated into an Okazaki fragment.(d) The 3' position of the last nucleotide of the RNA primer in an Okazaki fragment.(e) The 5' position of any of the deoxyribonucleotides before incorporation.arrow_forwardDescribe the chemical differences between a ribonucleoside triphosphate and a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate.arrow_forwardThe purine and pyrimidine rings are built from the amino acids aspartate,glutamine, and glycine. Why is serine required for the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides?arrow_forward
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