Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The kind of linkage between the sugar and the phosphate groups has to be explained with the structure.
Concept Introduction:
Composition of
Sugar: In both DNA and RNA, sugar portion is found. In DNA, the sugar is D-ribose, where at 2’hydroxyl group is absent and in RNA, the hydroxyl group is present at 2’.
Nitrogenous bases: Five types of nitrogenous bases (has unique one-letter code A, G, T, U, and C) are derived from two parent compounds called purine and pyrimidine. The purine derivatives are Adenine and Guanine are two fused nitrogen-containing rings. The pyrimidine derivatives are Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil are six-membered nitrogen-containing ring. Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine are the nitrogenous bases present in DNA. Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil are the nitrogenous bases present in RNA.
Nucleotide: (Nucleoside + phosphate)
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nuclei acids; monomers of DNA and RNA
Numbering the atoms in sugar and base rings:
In order to distinguish the atoms in the sugar of a nucleoside and atoms of a base ring, numbers without prime is used for atoms in the base ring and numbers with prime used for the atoms in the sugar ring.
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- Describe base pairingarrow_forwardA) What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide? B) Give any two differences between DNA and RNA. C) Draw the structure of deoxyribose and ribose below, and number the carbons. What is the difference between the two structures? Please answer all 3 partsarrow_forwardIf one side of DNA molecule had a base sequence of adenine-adenine-guanine-cytosine-thymine-cytosine-thymine, what would the sequence of bases on the opposite side of the molecule be?arrow_forward
- What are the three components of a nucleotide? With regard to the 5′ and 3′ positions on a sugar molecule, how are nucleotides linked together to form a strand of DNA?arrow_forwardDraw a DNA structure that includes at least two criss crosses There must be 5 nucleotide pairs above and below each intersect. Label §Adenine §Thymine §Guanine §Cytosine §Phosphates §Sugars §Hydrogen bonds Color code each part and provide a keyarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding polynucleotides is true? a) A double stranded DNA forms a right-handed helix, where both strands run anti-parallel to each other. b) A double stranded DNA forms a left-handed helix, where both strands run anti-parallel to each other. c) A double stranded DNA forms a left-handed helix, where both strands run parallel to each other. d) A double stranded DNA forms a right-handed helix, where both strands run parallel to each other.arrow_forward
- For the top three nucleotides, number all the carbons in the sugars, circle the nitrogenous bases, and star the phosphates.arrow_forwardProvide an explanation for why in DNA, the base G is always base paired with C and A is always base paired with T?arrow_forwardDraw the structure and give the name of a nucleotide made of adenine (A) and deoxyribose.arrow_forward
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