Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134015187
Author: John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26.2, Problem 26.2P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The molecular formulae for D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose, the difference in composition of both and chemical property that differs between the two has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Composition of
Sugar: In both DNA and RNA, sugar portion is found. In DNA, the sugar is D-ribose, where at 2’hydroxyl group is absent and in RNA, the hydroxyl group is present at 2’ carbon.
Numbering the atoms in sugar and base rings:
In order to distinguish the atoms in the sugar of a nucleoside and atoms of a base ring, numbers without prime is used for atoms in the base ring and numbers with prime used for the atoms in the sugar ring.
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Consider the following statements:
(1) The term sugar is a general designation for both monosaccharides and disaccharides.
(2) The "penultimate carbon" in a monosaccharide is used to determine D- or L-configuration.
(3) Sucrose is a reducing sugar and lactose is a nonreducing sugar.
O Two of the three statements are true.
All three statements are true.
O Only one of the statements is true.
None of the statements are true.
Using the tree structures for the following monosaccharides and comparing to
that for glucose, draw the structures of the following:
A. tree (Fischer) structures of: D-mannose and L-mannose
B. ring structures of alpha-D-mannose, beta-D-mannose, alpha-L-mannose, and beta-L-mannose
Draw the ring (Haworth) structures as 6-membered pyranoses, being careful to show the positions of the
hydroxyl groups above or below the plane of the ring.
For the first part, draw a Fischer projection formula for the enantiomer of each of the following monosaccharides. For the second part, identify whether the images are in D- or L-configuration. Write your answers first on a piece of bond paper.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 26.2 - Name the nucleoside shown here. Copy the...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 26.2PCh. 26.2 - Draw the structure of 2-deoxyadenosine...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 26.4PCh. 26.2 - Prob. 26.5PCh. 26.3 - Prob. 26.6PCh. 26.3 - Prob. 26.7PCh. 26.4 - Prob. 26.8PCh. 26.4 - Draw the structures of adenine and uracil (which...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 26.10P
Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 26.11KCPCh. 26.6 - What are Okazaki fragments? What role do they...Ch. 26.6 - Prob. 26.13PCh. 26.8 - Prob. 26.14PCh. 26.8 - Prob. 26.15PCh. 26.9 - Prob. 26.1CIAPCh. 26.9 - Prob. 26.2CIAPCh. 26.9 - Using a variety of sources, research which...Ch. 26.9 - Prob. 26.4CIAPCh. 26.9 - List possible codon sequences for the following...Ch. 26.9 - Prob. 26.17PCh. 26.9 - What amino acids do the following sequences code...Ch. 26.9 - Prob. 26.19PCh. 26.10 - Prob. 26.20PCh. 26.10 - What anticodon sequences of tRNAs match the mRNA...Ch. 26 - Combine the following structures to create a...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.23UKCCh. 26 - Copy the following simplified drawing of a DNA...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.25UKCCh. 26 - Prob. 26.26UKCCh. 26 - Prob. 26.27APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.28APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.29APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.30APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.31APCh. 26 - For the following molecule: (a) Label the three...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.33APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.34APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.35APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.36APCh. 26 - Draw structures to show how the sugar and...Ch. 26 - What is the difference between the 3 end and the 5...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.39APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.40APCh. 26 - Draw the complete structure of the RNA...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.42APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.43APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.44APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.45APCh. 26 - If a double-stranded DNA molecule is 22% G, what...Ch. 26 - How are replication, transcription, and...Ch. 26 - Why is more than one replication fork needed when...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.49APCh. 26 - What are the three main kinds of RNA, and what are...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.51APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.52APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.53APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.54APCh. 26 - What is a codon and on what kind of nucleic acid...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.56APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.57APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.58APCh. 26 - What amino acids are specified by the following...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.60APCh. 26 - What anticodon sequences are complementary to the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.62APCh. 26 - Refer to Problem 26.62. What sequence appears on...Ch. 26 - Refer to Problems 26.62 and 26.63. What dipeptide...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.65APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.66APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.67APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.68APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.69APCh. 26 - Prob. 26.70CPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.71CPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.73CPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.75GPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.76GPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.77GPCh. 26 - Prob. 26.78GP
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- Give one specific sample structure (Fischer Projection or Haworth) of the following carbohydrate derivatives: - Amino-sugararrow_forwardTrehalose, a disaccharide found in the blood of insects, has the following structure. What simple sugars would you obtain on hydrolysis of trehalose?arrow_forwardA pentapeptide on complete hydrolysis yields 3 moles of glycine (R=H), 1 mole of alanine (R=CH3) and 1 mole of serine (R=CH2OH). On partial hydrolysis, the fragments are ala-gly, gly-ala and gly-ser. The pentapeptide is negative to the Sanger reaction. Draw a possible structure for the pentapeptide.arrow_forward
- Give one specific sample structure (Fischer Projection or Haworth) of the following carbohydrate derivatives: - Alditols - Deoxy-sugararrow_forwardUnlike many fats and oils, the cocoa butter used to make chocolate is remarkably uniform in composition. All triacylglycerols contain oleic acid esterified to the 2" OH group of glycerol, and either palmitic acid or stearic acid esterified to the 1° OH groups. Draw the structures of two possible triacylglycerols that compose cocoa butter.arrow_forwardConsider the structure of the tripeptide (in its fully protonated form) below. H H H + I || H₂N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C-OH 1 I | H CH₂ H CH₂ CH₂ T C=O OH AA1 0=0 || HC-CH3 CH3 AA2 AA3 0=C 1. Give the sequence of the tripeptide using the ONE-LETTER DESIGNATION (UPPERCASE LETTER) with NO spaces and symbols between each letter. 2. How many ionizable groups are there in the tripeptide? Give the numerical value (e.g., 10 not ten). • pH 10: {Choices: -2, -1, 0, +1, +2} 3. Which amino acid residue has one ionizable group left upon forming the tripeptide? {Choices: AA1, AA2, AA3, none, all} 4. Give the net charge of the dominant structure of the tripeptide at the given pH values. The pK, values of the amino acids are given in Table 1. • pH 4: {Choices: -2, -1, 0, +1, +2}arrow_forward
- One or more of the compounds shown below will satisfy each of the following statements. Not all compounds may be used; some may be used twice. Put the number(s) in the blank. (1) Found in chitin. (2) An L-saccharide. (3) The first residue attached to asparagine in N-linked glycans. (4) A uronic acid. (5) A ketose. CH,OH CoO COO OH H H H H ОН Н но OH OH H OH H HO OH H NHC- CH, Oso, OH (a) (b) (c) CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH C=0 CHOH C=0 H-C- OH CH,OH но -с-н ČH,OH CH,OH (d) (e)arrow_forwardDraw the two possible Haworth structures (both alpha and beta anomers) for the following monosaccharides and give their corresponding systematic names. [Show the stepwise process] D-Ribose D-Galactose D- Fructosearrow_forwardH OH CH2OH D H ОН H الحزن ОН CH2OH ОН H ОН I Which of the following statements correctly describes this structure? (A) The monomer units are bonded by beta 1-2 glycosidic linkage. B The monomer units are bonded by alpha 1-2 glycosidic linkage. The monomer units are bonded by alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkage. The monomer units are bonded by beta 1-4 glycosidic linkage. H CH2OH H ОН H ОН H ОНarrow_forward
- In the formula for sucrose (structure shown above), the bottom ring is pyranose. True or False?arrow_forwardIdentify the component monosaccharides of each of the following compounds and describe the type of glycosidic linkage in each.arrow_forwardDraw the two possible Haworth structures (both alpha and beta anomers) for the following monosaccharides and give their corresponding systematic names. [Show the stepwise process]arrow_forward
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