Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23, Problem 12TYU
Summary Introduction
To determine: Whether the members of a clade are similar because they share a common ancestor or they belong to the same clade because they are similar.
Introduction: In a cladogram, each branch represents a clade. A clade is a group of species that include all the descendants of ancestral species.
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Activity 3. Deepening The Concepts
Directions: Answer the following questions.
1. How does (a) relative dating and (b) absolute/radioactive datine
determine the age of fossils?
2. How does embryology provide evidence for evolution?
3. How do homologous and vestigial structures provide evidence for
evolution?
4. What could be possible for some species belonging to the same family
to be presently living in various locations on Earth? You can furthel
support your answer with an example.
Please answer fast
1.You want to construct a phylogeny of the classes found within Phylum Arthropoda, classes which shared ancestry hundreds of millions of years ago. Would you choose to sequence a highly conserved gene or a non-coding region? Why?
Lab 10: Kingdom Animalia Introduction Animals all share some characteristics:
1) Multicellular
2) Heterotrophic
3) Their cells have no cell wall
4) At some time in their life they are motile.
There are many phyla within the animal Kingdom, and in this activity, you will explore these phyla by building a dichotomous key that will allow you to consider almost any animal and determine which phylum it belongs to.
Part 1: Organizing information for the dichotomous key 1) List the 9 animal phyla of macroscopic (visible) animals: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nemotoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata. 2) Use on-line or library resources of your choice, to gather information about these 9 phyla.
a. Start by finding two example species per phylum to help tie into your previous knowledge about animal types. Write down these examples.
b. Make a list of characteristics that you could use that would help you tell these 9 phyla apart. The final goal is to build a…
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 23.1 - State two justifications for the use of scientific...Ch. 23.1 - Describe the binomial system of naming organisms...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 23.1 - What are the key features of the system of...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 23.2 - What are the major groups of organisms that belong...Ch. 23.2 - In what specific ways does a cladogram give us...
Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.3 - Critically review the difficulties encountered in...Ch. 23.3 - Apply the concept of shared derived characters to...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 23.3 - Contrast monophyletic, paraphyletic, and...Ch. 23.3 - How are shared ancestral characters and shared...Ch. 23.3 - Why dont shared ancestral characters provide...Ch. 23.3 - How is molecular biology contributing to the...Ch. 23.3 - Systematisms prefer to recognize monophyletic taxa...Ch. 23.4 - Contrast the traditional classification with the...Ch. 23.4 - Describe the construction of a cladogram by using...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 12LOCh. 23.4 - In what way do systematists use shared derived...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 23.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.5 - Describe how phylogenetic information applied to...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. The...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3....Ch. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 4. The...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 9. In...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15TYU
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- Design an Experiment Imagine that you are trying to determine the evolutionary relationships among six groups of animals that look very much alike because they have few measurable morphological characters. What data would you collect to reconstruct their phylogenetic history?arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 9. In interpreting a cladogram, (a) we can identify the specific ancestor of each taxon by tracing each branch back to the node closest to the root (b) taxa on the right side of a cladogram have evolved from the taxa on the left side (c) the relative placement of smaller branches allows us to determine the number of years since a particular taxon has evolved (d) we can determine relationships by tracing along the branches back to the most recent common ancestor (e) we must first identify horizontal gene transferarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3. Each branching point in a cladogram (a) is called a root (b) represents a clade (c) represents the divergence of two or more groups from a common ancestor (d) represents horizontal gene transfer (e) marks the divergence of two kingdomsarrow_forward
- INTERPRET DATA Imagine that you discover a new animal in a rain forest. It has an elongated, segmented body with bristles, and it has no obvious head. Where would youplace this animal in the accompanying cladogram? Support your decision. Look at the more detailed cladogram inFigure 30-6a (in Chapter 30). What additional characteristicswould help you place your animal in this cladogram? Explainyour decision-making process.arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 4. The presence of homologous structures in two different groups of organisms suggests that (a) the organisms evolved from a common ancestor (b) convergent evolution has occurred (c) they belong to a polyphyletic group (d) homoplasy has occurred (e) independently acquired characters may evolve when organisms inhabit similar environmentsarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize 17. EVOLUTION LINK Scientists have proposed various initiatives to detect water vapor, as well as oxygen and carbondioxide, in the atmospheres of distant planets. Which of these biosignatures (chemical markers that are evidence for life) would you consider the most fundamental indicator that life could have evolved on these planets? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding 12.EVOLUTION LINK Explain to your roommate why the evolution of biological membranes was an essential step in the origin of life. Give arguments supporting (or challenging) this hypothesis.arrow_forwardSafari 3:36 PM Thu Jun 2 x pdfcoffee.com_biology-module-3-pdf-free.pdf GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 SUMMATIVE TEST: GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 Module 4 Name of Learner: Section: Grade Level: Date: I. MULTIPLE CHOICE DIRECTIONS: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Avoid ERASURES. 1. A primitive character is known as a. plesiomorphy b. apomorphy c. synapomorphy d. amorphy 2. What characteristic is observed in the organism such as the flippers of whales (mammals) or fins of sharks (fish) that share a trait but is different in morphological ancestry. b. homologous a. analogous c. vestigial d. divergent 3. If the similarity between two characters in two separate taxa is attributable to their presence in a common ancestor, then these two characters are said to be a. analogous b. homologous c. vestigial d. divergent 4. His works mainly focus on taxa that share many derived characters as opposed to those that do not I have shared derived characters. a. William Hen b. Willi Hennig c. Willi…arrow_forward1. (a) The apparently constant rate of change Molecular phylogenetics Molecular evolution Molecular clock Evolutionary Signatures (b) The use of comparative genomics to infer evolutionary relationships among species Molecular phylogenetics Molecular evolution Molecular clock Evolutionary Signaturesarrow_forward
- 1. Discuss four key characteristics that help define and recognize science, differentiating it from other ways of knowing (and what is an example of another way of knowing?). 2. Discuss and refute three of the common misconceptions about human evolution. 3. Discuss and explain the process of protein synthesis. Provide as much detail as possible. 4. Describe primate forms of communication using examples from the video "Life of Mammals: the Social Climbers." Compare and contrast primate and human communication. 5. Describe what kinds of information can be learned from a single fossil, including information about the organism and its environment. Use examples of fossils we have studied to illustrate your claims.arrow_forwardPlease just solve question 5, thanku! 2.Clades can be described as "natural groups."Why do you Bthink this is so？ 3.What do the“tips"and“branches"of a phylogenetic tree represent？ 4.Describe how you“trace ancestors back through time"on a phylogenetic tree. 5.Compare and contrast traditional and phylogenetic classification systems. (a）What are the advantages and disadvantages of each？ (b)Think of an example of when it would be useful to use a traditional classification.Why would this system be the best choice in this case？ (c)Think of a situation where it would be useful to use phylogenetic classification system.Why would this system be the best choice in this case？ 6. Traditional and phylogenetic classification systems usually place species in the same groups. For example，both systems place lions and tigers together，and horses.arrow_forwardDescribe how biologists use morphology (including variations in body symmetry, number of tissue layers, and type of body cavity) and patterns of early development to infer relationships among animal phyla.arrow_forward
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