Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23, Problem 14TYU
Test Your Understanding
Evaluate and Synthesize
14. VISUALIZE construct a cladogram based on the following data. Mosses are plants with no vascular tissue. Horse-tails, ferns, gymnosperms (pines and other plants with naked seeds), and
Figure 23-9 Constructing a cladogram using outgroup analysis
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Now you will practice identifying the phylogenetic tree that corresponds to a given character table. The following table shows three key events in the evolution of plants: the development of vascular tissue, the development of flowers, and the development of seeds.
Plant groups
Vascular Tissue
Flowers
Seeds
Gymnosperms
1
0
1
Mosses
0
0
0
Ferns
1
0
0
Angiosperms
1
1
1
Select the phylogenetic tree that correctly represents the data in the character table.
Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree
Now, you are going to create and the interpret your own phylogenetic tree. Take a look at the characteristics for these organisms.
Seeds?
Plant Group
Photosynthesis?
Water-conducting Tissue?
Flowers?
Ferns
X
Gymnosperms
Mosses
X
Angiosperms
X
Using the characteristics from the table above, determine where each of these organisms belongs on the tree below, then answer the questions.
D
В
Which plant group belongs at position "B"?
mosses
gymnosperms
angiosperms
ferns
Give typed full explanation
Which of the following statements is TRUE for the labeled structures? (Choose all the correct answers)
a. The structures labeled with the letter a are genetically identical to each other.
b. The structure labeled with the letter b is the gametophyte.
c. The structures labeled with the letter c (the sperm produced by one antheridium) are genetically different from each other.
d. The structure labeled with the letter d is the sporophyte.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 23.1 - State two justifications for the use of scientific...Ch. 23.1 - Describe the binomial system of naming organisms...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 23.1 - What are the key features of the system of...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 23.2 - What are the major groups of organisms that belong...Ch. 23.2 - In what specific ways does a cladogram give us...
Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.3 - Critically review the difficulties encountered in...Ch. 23.3 - Apply the concept of shared derived characters to...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 23.3 - Contrast monophyletic, paraphyletic, and...Ch. 23.3 - How are shared ancestral characters and shared...Ch. 23.3 - Why dont shared ancestral characters provide...Ch. 23.3 - How is molecular biology contributing to the...Ch. 23.3 - Systematisms prefer to recognize monophyletic taxa...Ch. 23.4 - Contrast the traditional classification with the...Ch. 23.4 - Describe the construction of a cladogram by using...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 12LOCh. 23.4 - In what way do systematists use shared derived...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 23.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.5 - Describe how phylogenetic information applied to...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. The...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3....Ch. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 4. The...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 9. In...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15TYU
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize 18. EVOLUTION LINK Where would you place the progymnosperms on Figure 28-2? Explain your reasoning. Figure 28-2 Gymnosperm and angiosperm evolution This cladogram shows a current hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among living seed plants, based on structural evidence, molecular comparisons, and fossils. Relationships among extant gymnosperm clades and angiosperms remain controversial. The arrangement of the phyla shown here may change as future analyses help clarify relationships.arrow_forwardImagine that you are a systematist studying a group of little- known flowering plants. You discover that the phylogenetic tree based on flower morphology differs dramatically from the phylogenetic tree based on DNA sequences. How would you try to resolve the discrepancy? Which tree would you believe is more accurate?arrow_forwardCreate a hypothetical phylogenetic tree using 11 plant species listed below. Chara, Nitella, Marchantia, Polytrichum, Equistem, Psilotum, Polypodium, Pinus, Zamia, Arabidopsis, and Lilium. Divide the species into five specific groups (Charophytes, Bryophytes, Monolithophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms) which will be the clades of your phylogenetic tree.arrow_forward
- Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree Now, you are going to create and the interpret your own phylogenetic tree. Take a look at the characteristics for these organisms. Plant Group Photosynthesis? Seeds? Water-conducting Tissue? Flowers? Ferns X Gymnosperms Mosses Angiosperms Using the characteristics from the table above, determine where each of these organisms belongs on the tree below, then answer the questions. A В What characteristic appears just before group C branches off (the starred location)? flowers water conducting tissue seeds O photosynthesisarrow_forwardDRAW IT Use the letters a–d to label where on the phylogenetictree each of the following derived characters appears.(A) flowers(B) embryos(C) seeds(D) vascular tissuearrow_forwardConstructing a Phylogenetic Tree Now, you are going to create and the interpret your own phylogenetic tree. Take a look at the characteristics for these organisms. Plant Group Photosynthesis? Seeds? Water-conducting Tissue? Flowers? Ferns X Gymnosperms Mosses Angiosperms X Using the characteristics from the table above, determine where each of these organisms belongs on the tree below, then answer the questions. D A В Being able to do photosynthesis is an example of a: O shared derived character O shared ancestral characterarrow_forward
- Please type a brief definition of the following terms Photoperiod - Long day vs. Short day vs. Day-neutral plants - Merosity - Quartet model - Orthologs - Microsporangium - Staminode - Self-incompatibility (SI) - Aggregate vs. multiple fruits - Homology vs. Homoplasy -arrow_forwardThoroughly explain the life cycle of soybean (Glycine max). A hand drawn diagram should form the basis of your answer. Highlight important life history stages (generations), their ploidy, and ploidy changing events common to all plants. -Contrast the soybean life cycle with the life cycle of animals. -Highlight the features that make the soybean life cycle different from life cycles of other plant groups. -Specifically contrast the soybean life cycle with that of gymnosperms like pine trees (species in the genus Pinus) use the terminology associated with the generic plant life cycle as well as the group specific terms (e.g., megagametophyte versus embryo sac)arrow_forwardOn this cladogram of the plants, which symbol is located at a node? Charophyte green algae Mosses 呕 $8 Gymnosperms Angiosperms Ferns the banana the barn the beach ball the apple the atom (a nucleus with electrons around it) Clear my selectionarrow_forward
- One of the major phylogenetic conclusions of this study is: choose one a. The Ginkgoales are the sister group to angiosperms among extant gymnosperms. b. There is no sister group to angiosperms among extant gymnosperms. c. The Cycads are the sister group to angiosperms among extant gymnosperms. d. The Gnetales are the sister group to angiosperms among extant gymnosperms. e. The Conifers are the sister group to angiosperms among extant gymnosperms.arrow_forwardNeed handwritten cursive answers if not i will rate boo Clade: Basal Angiosperms Order: Magnoliales Family: Magnoliaceae Representative species: Magnolia soulangeana Habit: Inflorescence: Floral Symmetry: Number of Sepals: Number of Petals: Number of Filaments: Number of Stigma: Ovary position: Fruit type: Other characteristics:arrow_forwardUse the image to correctly fill in the following blanks. The whole specimen is a [A], a gametophyte structure found in the phylum [B]. The structures found within the circle are called, [C] and the arrows point at examples of [D]. [E] seen in the triangle are only to keep the plant anchored in place. ASUS VivoBookarrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license