Concept explainers
To determine: The kind of grouping that is represented by the bracketed area in the given cladogram.
Introduction: Cladogram is a type of phylogenetic tree. It is organized by nodes and branches. The organism which is under analysis is present at the end of each branch. The length of a branch represents the relatedness of organisms.
To determine: The type of group that is formed by taxon 2 and 3.
Introduction: Previous classifications consider three different types of taxonomic relationships which are shown in cladogram such as paraphyletic groups, monophyletic groups, and polyphyletic groups.
To determine: The type of group that is formed by taxon 2, 4, and 6.
Introduction: Cladogram is a type of phylogenetic tree. It is organized by nodes and branches. The organism which is under analysis is present at the end of each branch. The length of a branch represents the relatedness of organisms.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 23 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
- Design an Experiment Imagine that you are trying to determine the evolutionary relationships among six groups of animals that look very much alike because they have few measurable morphological characters. What data would you collect to reconstruct their phylogenetic history?arrow_forwardImagine that you are a systematist studying a group of little- known flowering plants. You discover that the phylogenetic tree based on flower morphology differs dramatically from the phylogenetic tree based on DNA sequences. How would you try to resolve the discrepancy? Which tree would you believe is more accurate?arrow_forwardOn a phylogenetic tree, which term refers to lineages that diverged from the same place? sister taxa basal taxa rooted taxa dichotomous taxaarrow_forward
- Evaluate and Synthesize 16. EVOLUTION LINK Where would you position the rhyniophytes on Figure 27-13? Would the line for rhyniophytes extend to the tips of the rest of the cladogram? Why or why not?arrow_forwardTree Thinking Review Draw a bracketed phylogenetic tree of the following groups on the next blank page: • Peat Moss • Capybara • Ostrich Fern • Blobfish • White Pine Tree • Protists • Escheria coli • Mexico Whiptail Lizard • Sunflower Sea Star • Bold Jumping Spider • T. Rex • Flatworm • Apple Tree • Archaea • Chanterelle Mushroom Grasshopper Sparrow After you draw your tree, label where the following traits would have evolved. Consider that traits may have evolved more than one time. • Chloroplasts • Seeds • Endosperm • Flowers • Vascular Tissue • Mitochondria Segmentation • Central Nervous System • Notochord • Vertebrae • Nucleus • Membrane Bound Organelles • Peptidoglycans • Cranium Fur • Lactation • Feathers Jaws • Hollow Dorsal Nerve Cordarrow_forwardCAITLEN.SALNAVE 2104.. TURN IN 2 Share File Edit View Insert Format Tools Add-oI 11 + ... 100% Normal text Arial 6 3 Morphological analogs are structures having similar functions but different origins. For example, the wing of an airplane and the wing of a bird are analogous but certainly have different origins. Name and explain the comparisons of THREE ideas that humans have borrowed from plants and animals to use in building structures and making materials. JUN 16 tv MacBook Air esc 80 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 #3 2$ 1 2 4 < Oarrow_forward
- Differentiate analogous structures from homologous types. Identify which is which among the shark, pigeon and cat when you transition from each of the classes. For this, create a 4-column table with the following headings: (1) Structure, (2) Specimen a vs b, (3) Specimen b vs c, and (4) Specimen c vs a. For each cell, write either AS for analogous structures, or HS for homologous types. Note (not all structures encountered need to be here).arrow_forwardINTERPRET DATA Imagine that you discover a new animal in a rain forest. It has an elongated, segmented body with bristles, and it has no obvious head. Where would youplace this animal in the accompanying cladogram? Support your decision. Look at the more detailed cladogram inFigure 30-6a (in Chapter 30). What additional characteristicswould help you place your animal in this cladogram? Explainyour decision-making process.arrow_forwardCLADOGRAM ANALYSIS. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. 1. According to the cladogram, which two species are more closely related: worms and spiders or worms and ants? How do you know? 2. According to the cladogram, what species are dragonflies most closely related to? How do you know?arrow_forward
- TEST I: MATCHING TYPE: Match the concept of column A in column B. Write your answer on the column before each number. A В 1. systematics 2. taxonomy 3. identification 4. nomenclature 5. classification 6. description A. binomials B. group of organisms C. evolutionary history D. unique features E. shared derived characteristics F. numerical taxonomy 7. dichotomous key G. primitive 8. cladogram 9. scientific names H. species concept I. Presents two choices based on the key characteristics of the organisms. J. Assignment of attributes or features to a 10. taxon taxon. K. Associating an unknown taxon to a known one. 11. phylogeny 12. phenetic L. Arrangement of entities into some type of order. 13. apomorphies M. Assignment of names utilizing a formal system. N. Conceptually represents evolutionary pattern of descent. O. Describes biodiversity. P. Human verbal speech Q. outgroup R. Carl Linnaeus 14. synapomorphies 15. plesiomorphic and analyses Earth'sarrow_forwardActivity 1.1: I Can Relate Direction: Complete the graphic organizer below by relating each term to the main idea or word. You may use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 6. Structure 2. Taxonomy SYSTEMATICS 5. Binomial 3. Classification nomenclature 4. Diversityarrow_forwardchoose correct option nd Do explain 1. Which of the phylogenetic trees in the Figure is the most accurate? Explain your answer. Note: the mitochondria and chloroplasts are from maize, but they are treated as independent “organisms” for the purposes of this question. a. Tree (a) b. Tree (b) c. Tree (c) d. Tree (d) e. Tree (e)arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning