Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23.4, Problem 12LO
Summary Introduction
To apply: The principle of parsimony to cladogram construction.
Introduction: Principle of parsimony distinguishes among other phylogenies and requires only that phylogenetic relationship considers the fewest assumptions.
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Parsimony criterion is used to choose the hypothesis of relationships which requires the least
Select one:
a. homoplasy
b. homology
Convert the following data table into a venn diagram and then into a cladogram (refer to the image):
Draw a cladogram using the tabulated characters:
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 23.1 - State two justifications for the use of scientific...Ch. 23.1 - Describe the binomial system of naming organisms...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 23.1 - What are the key features of the system of...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 23.2 - What are the major groups of organisms that belong...Ch. 23.2 - In what specific ways does a cladogram give us...
Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.3 - Critically review the difficulties encountered in...Ch. 23.3 - Apply the concept of shared derived characters to...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 23.3 - Contrast monophyletic, paraphyletic, and...Ch. 23.3 - How are shared ancestral characters and shared...Ch. 23.3 - Why dont shared ancestral characters provide...Ch. 23.3 - How is molecular biology contributing to the...Ch. 23.3 - Systematisms prefer to recognize monophyletic taxa...Ch. 23.4 - Contrast the traditional classification with the...Ch. 23.4 - Describe the construction of a cladogram by using...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 12LOCh. 23.4 - In what way do systematists use shared derived...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 23.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 23.5 - Describe how phylogenetic information applied to...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. The...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3....Ch. 23 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 4. The...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 9. In...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 23 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15TYU
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- CHARACTERS 1 2 3 4 5 SPECIES A 0 0 1 0 0 B 1 0 1 0 1 C 1 0 1 1 0 D 1 1 1 0 1 Use the cladistic approach (using parsimony) to draw the tree that derives from the same data matrix above. Map both the species and the traits to your tree.arrow_forwardCreate a cladogram that includes of a panda, a species of bacteria, a species of protist, and 3 other species of your choice. (This question was rejected however there are many like this asked and answered. This is not a writing question)arrow_forwardWrite 5 uses of a cladogram (unscaled tree).arrow_forward
- Given the sources of evidence, explain precisely how it supports evolution. B. Fossilarrow_forwardUse examples to explain the difference between analogousstructures and homologous structures.arrow_forwardPlease provide a tentative description for the given hypothesis (a bit detail will help)arrow_forward
- Provide at least one illustration of each of the following types of definition:a. Lexicalb. Stipulativec. Theoreticald. Denotativee. Connotativef. Genus and Differentiaarrow_forwardWhat do you mean by hierarchical classification.arrow_forwardDefine the two major approaches used to classify organisms: phenetics and cladistics. Describe one strength and one weakness of each approacharrow_forward
- explain the process of evolution by natural selection as it applies to a specific living thing using the outline below:arrow_forwardPlease answer only D, E, F. THIS IS A REPOSTED QUESTION. ONE IS POSTED FOR A, B, C Include a brief explanation for each answer. Thank you very much :) The table below provides seven organisms differentiated with six simple characters (0 = absence, 1 = presence). For your convenience, a slanted cladogram of their relationship is also provided below the table. Identify which character is/are: A. Autapomorphic: B. Synapomorphic: C. Apomorphic: D. Pleisiomorphic: E. Autapomorphic for lynx and chimpanzee: F. Synapomorphic for lamprey and shark:arrow_forwardContrast the reductionist approach with systems biology. How are the two approaches complementary? Which approach is more likely to consider emergent properties?arrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license