Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 31, Problem 15TYU
INTERPRET DATA Imagine that you discover a new animal in a rain forest. It has an elongated, segmented body with bristles, and it has no obvious head. Where would you place this animal in the accompanying cladogram? Support your decision. Look at the more detailed cladogram in Figure 30-6a (in Chapter 30). What additional characteristics would help you place your animal in this cladogram? Explain your decision-making process.
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Use the table of derived characters below for 7
different organisms and construct a cladogram that
represents this data. The characters should be placed
along the diagonal line, and the organisms should be
listed above the vertical lines.
Derived Characters
segmented jaws hair placentamulticellular limbs
|kangaroo
earthworm
amoeba
lizard
cat
sponge
salmon
+
1.
3
-F
Azra
Make an cladogram if these species
Make you own cladogram. Examine the characteristics of the animals listed on the table below and establish characteristics that they share and ones that are unique to each group.
Indicate whether the characteristic is present or not. The first one is done for you.
With cells
Octopus
Present
Catfish
Present
Crocodile
Present
Dogs
Present
Human
Present
Make a cladogram
Chapter 31 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 31.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 31.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 31.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 31.1 - connect What is the significance of choanocytes in...Ch. 31.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 31.1 - VISUALIZE Sketch the major events of the life...Ch. 31.1 - Prob. 4CCh. 31.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 31.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 31.2 - Prob. 6LO
Ch. 31.2 - Prob. 7LOCh. 31.2 - Prob. 8LOCh. 31.2 - What are some advantages of cephalization and a...Ch. 31.2 - On what basis have biologists classified...Ch. 31.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 31.2 - Prob. 4CCh. 31.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 31.3 - Prob. 10LOCh. 31.3 - Describe six key characteristics of arthropods,...Ch. 31.3 - Prob. 12LOCh. 31.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 31.3 - Describe four key arthropod characteristics, and...Ch. 31.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 31.3 - Describe four adaptations that have contributed to...Ch. 31 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 31 - Which of the following is associated with the...Ch. 31 - Trochophore larvae are characteristic of (a)...Ch. 31 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 31 - An open circulatory system (a) is characteristic...Ch. 31 - Which of the following characteristics is...Ch. 31 - Trilobites (a) were early mollusks (b) are...Ch. 31 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 31 - The correct sequence of complete metamorphosis of...Ch. 31 - Test Your Understanding 12. VISUALIZE Draw a cross...Ch. 31 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 31 - INTERPRET DATA Imagine that you discover a new...Ch. 31 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 17TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 18TYUCh. 31 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY international...
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- Scientists were studying the DNA from Antarctic fish, including two species of icefish, that have no hemoglobin in their blood. They constructed the following cladogram. C. antarcticus C. hamatus C. mawsoni G. acuticeps T. newnesi P. borchgrevinki T.bernacchii T. hansoni N. coriiceps hemoglobinless icefisharrow_forwardConstruct a cladogram that provides one hypothesis about the evolutionary history for these 6 taxa. Be sure to map each of the character states for every taxon represented in the character matrix. See tips below to help get you started. You can insert a photo of a hand drawn cladogram or create one on your device. Keep in mind that cladograms are hypotheses, there are many different cladograms that can be constructed. a) Which characteristics were identified as homoplasies on your cladogram? b)arrow_forwardConstruct a cladogram that provides one hypothesis about the evolutionary history for these 6 taxa. Be sure to map each of the character states for every taxon represented in the character matrix. See tips below to help get you started. You can insert a photo of a hand drawn cladogram or create one on your device. Keep in mind that cladograms are hypotheses, there are many different cladograms that can be constructed. a) Which characteristics were identified as homoplasies on your cladogram? b) Now that your tree has been constructed, how confident do you feel in your hypothesis and why?arrow_forward
- Can you please do both of the part to this question, part 1 filling the cart and part 2 drawing the Cladogram Part 1: Produce a character matrix for the fish. Note:Depending on how you define the fins on the ventral side of the fish you could have 9 characters or 10 characters - if you define it as a numerical character with states 0,1,2 you would have 9 characters total. If you define the fins as two separate binary characters ( a pelvic fin and an anal fin) you will have 10 characters. We recommend doing it as two separate characters: Anal fin (presence/absence) and pelvic fin (presence/absence). Character OG1 OG2 SpA SpB SpC SpD SpE Part 2: Construct the Cladogram for the fish using your Character matrixarrow_forwardTopic: Cladogram Instructions: Please examine the given cladogram. The letters corresponds to the name of the animals, while the numbers corresponds to the traits or characteristics. Write the correct name the name of the animal and the trait.Study the given table, construct a cladogram and answer only the given questions. 1. Which animal is in letter A? 2. Which animal is in letter B? 3. Which animal is in letter C? 4. Which animal is in letter D? 5. Which animal is in letter E? 6. What trait is in no.1? 7. What trait is in no.2? 8. What trait is in no.3? 9. What trait is in no.4? 10. What trait is in no.5? Thank you.arrow_forwardReading a Phylogenetic Tree Use the tree below to answer the questions. A Cladogram Fig. 12.1 LANCELET LAMPREY GROUPER SALAMANDER TURTLE WOLF HAIR AMNIOTIC EGGS FOUR LEGGED LOCOMOTION JAW BONES VERTEBRAL COLUMN The branching points on this diagram represent: characteristics of the group of organisms common ancestors points where speciation occuredarrow_forward
- Examine the chart below: 0 means the trait is absent, 1 means the trait is present. Construct a cladogram using the information from the chart as a guide. Species Sharks Clownfish Frogs Gorillas Guinea Pigs Crocodiles Birds Backbone 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bony Skeleton 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 Four limbs 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 Amniotic egg 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Hair 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Diapsid 0 0 0 0 0 1 1arrow_forwardYou will sketch a cladogram for the named organisms below. I do not expect you to know all the unique features of each organism or which features are more important than others (yet). However, when you create branches you must indicate what characteristic (trait) you chose to make the splitting decision. Just state the trait on the cladogram. The interpretation will come later. (A) Create a cladogram for the following organisms: amoeba, panda, chameleon, salamander, trout, leech, sea anemone (B) From your cladogram select two organisms that would form a MONOPHYLETIC group and a second two that could form a PARAPHYLETIC group. Define each term. (C) You don't have to draw one, but explain how a Phylogenetic tree of thesearrow_forwardAnswer all this questions very CAREFULLY and CORRECTLY.arrow_forward
- A 2015 article in Nature has summarized the early history of jawed vertebrates using highlights from recent discoveries and how they have changed our understanding of vertebrate evolution. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140416133336.htm Question: Given these recent discoveries, how should the cladogram below change? Describe it. It will likely be helpful to reference a synapomorphy noted on the cladogram.arrow_forwardConstruxt your cladogram from this dataarrow_forwardA study inferred a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on sequence data from a specific gene. Numbers represent bootstrap support values for each clade. Based on the study's findings, how certain should we be that marsupials are sister to placental mammals, rather than monotremes? What number is used to represent this certainty, and how was it calculated?arrow_forward
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