Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 38P
As of this writing in 2016, no Neanderthal-derived Y chromosome nor mitochondrial DNA sequences has ever been found in a modern human. Propose two alternative explanations.
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Choose true or false for each of the following statements:
A. Neanderthal DNA shows that they share a number of modern human traits, and likely interbred with human populations leaving Africa as they moved through Southwest Asia.
B. The fate of the Neanderthals is clear from fossil and artifactual evidence - they simply died out about 27 000 years ago.
C. Platyrrhines differ from catarrhines in the following ways: they have three premolars instead of two, they are found in Central and South America, and they have prehensile tails, feet, and hands.
D. The Harvard Medical School bacteria video demonstrated the principles of gene flow and genetic drift.
E.
If myoglobin is found in all chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates, b-globin is found in all vertebrates, a-globin in all ostracoderm descendants, z-globin in all gnathostomes, e-globin in all viviparous mammals, and d-globin in all eutherian mammals, then the most recent globin gene must be:
myoglobin, found only in descendants of the chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates
zeta-globin (z-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral gnathostome fishes
epsilon-globin (e-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral marsupials
beta-globin (b-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral vertebrates
delta-globin (g-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral eutherians
What are the potential implications of the H. luzonensis and H. floresiensis discoveries on our understanding of the human evolutionary timeline and interactions between different hominin species? (Minimum of 2 complete sentences.)
Chapter 21 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 21 - Choose the best matching phrase in the right...Ch. 21 - When an allele is dominant, why does it not always...Ch. 21 - A population with an allele frequency p of 0.5 and...Ch. 21 - In a certain population of frogs, 120 are green,...Ch. 21 - Which of the following populations are at...Ch. 21 - A dominant mutation in Drosophila called Delta...Ch. 21 - A large, random mating population is started with...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8PCh. 21 - Alkaptonuria is a recessive autosomal genetic...Ch. 21 - Two hypothetical lizard populations found on...
Ch. 21 - It is the year 1998, and the men and women sailors...Ch. 21 - a. Alleles of genes on the X chromosome can also...Ch. 21 - In 1927, the ophthalmologist George Waaler tested...Ch. 21 - The equation p2 2pq q2> = 1 representing the...Ch. 21 - A gene has two alleles A frequency = p and a...Ch. 21 - Some people can taste the bitter compound...Ch. 21 - Androgenetic alopecia pattern baldness is a...Ch. 21 - The following figure shows the FBI-style analysis...Ch. 21 - Why is the elimination of a fully recessive...Ch. 21 - Tristan da Cunha is a group of small islands in...Ch. 21 - Small population size causes genetic drift because...Ch. 21 - Three basic predictions underlie genetic drift in...Ch. 21 - A mouse mutation with incomplete dominance t =...Ch. 21 - In Drosophila, the vestigial wings recessive...Ch. 21 - In a population of infinite size, three loci A, B,...Ch. 21 - You have identified an autosomal gene that...Ch. 21 - In Europe, the frequency of the CF allele causing...Ch. 21 - An allele of the G6PD gene acts in a recessive...Ch. 21 - Explain why evolutionary biologists monitor...Ch. 21 - Tiny foxes live on the Channel Islands off the...Ch. 21 - What is the most straightforward evidence at the...Ch. 21 - In March 2013, the American Journal of Human...Ch. 21 - If you go back 40 generations into your biological...Ch. 21 - In Fig. 21.17, to what part of the world does...Ch. 21 - Predict the DNA sequences at the four nodes...Ch. 21 - A cladogram not drawn to scale for the taxonomic...Ch. 21 - As noted in Fig. 21.22, humans now living in...Ch. 21 - As of this writing in 2016, no Neanderthal-derived...
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- If myoglobin is found in all chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates, b-globin is found in all vertebrates, a-globin in all ostracoderm descendants, z-globin in all gnathostomes, e-globin in all viviparous mammals, and g-globin in all placental mammals, then the most recent globin gene must be: epsilon-globin (e-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral marsupials myoglobin, found only in descendants of the chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates gamma-globin (g-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral placentals zeta-globin (z-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral gnathostome fishes beta-globin (b-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral vertebratesarrow_forwardIs the inability to make vitamin C likely a homologous or analogous trait for humans and orangutans (both of which are simian primates)?arrow_forwardA fossil believed to be the most recent common ancestor between housecats and lions is radio-dated to about 11 million years ago (mya). An analysis of a neutral section of mitochondrial DNA in both species finds 15 DNA base pair differences between the two cats today. Meanwhile, an analysis of housecats and pumas shows 4 DNA base pair differences between them, which are believed to have diverged around 3 mya. Using this data, what is the best estimate of the time since divergence of housecats and lynx, which have 11 DNA base pair differences in this mitochondrial DNA region? 5 mya O6 mya O 7 mya O8 mya 9 myaarrow_forward
- According to "Homo naledi – New Questions on Human Evolution ", why was it significant that the bones were found to be articulated (their bones hadn’t separated from each other)? A.The individuals arrived in the cave either alive or shortly after the died. B.The individuals had decomposed outside of the cave, and other Homo naledi individuals put their skeletons together inside the cave. C.The bodies must have been placed in bags or coffins to keep the skeleton together as the body degraded. D.None of these are correctarrow_forwardThe ancestor of cats was presumably homozygous for wild type at all of the described genes. What was the phenotype of this ancestral cat at each of these loci? 1)Dark grey with black mackerel stripes 2)Light grey female with dark grey mackerel stripes 3)Light brown male with chocolate tips 4)Black female with large white patches 5)Cream male with small white patches and orange mackerel stripes 6)A uniformly colored black catarrow_forwardDescribe and discuss the importance of at least three specific skeletal features (these can be either cranial or post-cranial) that are unique to early hominins, that distinguished them from the ancestors of modern chimpanzees. 150 words minimumarrow_forward
- If myoglobin is found in all chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates, b-globin is found in all vertebrates, a-globin in all ostracoderm descendants, z-globin in all gnathostomes, e-globin in all viviparous mammals, and g-globin in all placental mammals, then the most ancient of these genes: must be epsilon-globin (e-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral marsupials must be myoglobin, found only in descendants of the chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates must be gamma-globin (g-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral placentals must be zeta-globin (z-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral gnathostome fishes must be beta-globin (b-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral vertebratesarrow_forwardWhich of the following best explains the number of similarities between the amino acid sequences of the Drosophila Hedgehog protein and the Chicken Indian Hedgehog protein? O A. The Drosophila hedgehog gene evolved from hedgehogs, which are distantly related to birds. O B. Both genes evolved from a gene present in the last common ancestor of Drosphila and chickens, and the number of differences reflects the amount of time that has elapsed during the evolution of these two lineages. a During the evolution of Drosophila and chickens, a hedgehog like gene arose independently in each lineage, then the gene that arose in chickens diversified. A These genes are unrelated, and the fact that they are similar is only because the proteins need to have similar biochemical properties. They are unrelated because chickens don't have segments and Drosophila larvae don't have limb buds.arrow_forward"Neanderthals have revealed interesting elements of the human genome". What are those elements ?arrow_forward
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