Once nuclear DNA sequencing became fast and able to handle sequencing ancient DNA, living humans were found to have some Neanderthal genes. Is this finding clear evidence that some early modern humans did indeed hybridize with Neanderthals? Why? FIGURE 21.13 Mitochondrial genetrees reveal relations among humansand closely related species. (A) A genetree based on the mtDNA from livinghumans, Neanderthal fossils, chimpan-zees, and bonobos. The similarity of se-quences from Neanderthals and living(A)(B)AustralianBonobosPima (No. American)Papua New Guinea highlandGeorgianUzbek (central Asian)ChimpanzeesLivinghumansCrimean TatarFrenchhumans is a dramatic confirmation ofEnglishthe conclusion made earlier from fossilsNon-AfricanKoreanNeanderthalsthat the two lineages are very closelyrelated. In this tree, the lengths ofbranches are proportional to the num-ber of changes in the DNA sequences.(B) A gene tree of mtDNA from livinghumans shows that its deepest branch-es are found in Africa, corresponding towhere our species originated. All non-African lineages are descendants of asingle ancestral mtDNA that left Africaabout 60 Kya. The shallower branchesconnecting all non-African lineagesindicate that they are more recentlydiverged than lineages in Africa. (A after[5]; B after [33].)ChineseAsian IndianKhirgiz (central Asian)Warao (So. American)Siberian InuitAfricanGuarani (So. American)JapaneseMkambaEwondoLisongoYorubaMandenkaEffikIboMbenzeleBiakaMbenzeleKikuyuHausaMbutiSan

Phylogenetic tree or the cladogram is constructed on the basis of the similarity among the organism…

(B) Australian Bonobos Pima (No. American) Papua New Guinea highland Georgian Uzbek (central Asian) Chimpanzees Living humans Crimean Tatar French English Korean Non-African Neanderthals Chinese Asian Indian Khirgiz (central Asian) Warao (So. American) Siberian Inuit Guarani (So. American) African Japanese Mkamba Ewondo Lisongo Yoruba Mandenka Effik Ibo Mbenzele Biaka Mbenzele Kikuyu Hausa Mbuti

(B) Australian Bonobos Pima (No. American) Papua New Guinea highland Georgian Uzbek (central Asian) Chimpanzees Living humans Crimean Tatar French English Korean Non-African Neanderthals Chinese Asian Indian Khirgiz (central Asian) Warao (So. American) Siberian Inuit Guarani (So. American) African Japanese Mkamba Ewondo Lisongo Yoruba Mandenka Effik Ibo Mbenzele Biaka Mbenzele Kikuyu Hausa Mbuti

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 25QP: Genomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome contains sequences that originated from an unknown...

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