Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 36P
A cladogram (not drawn to scale) for the taxonomic family Hominidae is shown here. The numbers 1–10 represent evolutionary lineages or events. The letters A–F represent entries from the following list:
Homo neanderthalensis
Pan troglodytes (chimpanzees)
Homo sapiens (African Bantu)
Homo sapiens (European Danish)3
Homo sapiens (Native American Hopi)
Homo sapiens (Asian Uighurs)
a. | Match the entries in the preceding list with an appropriate letter from the cladogram. Two of the groups in the list are equivalent on this diagram; either possibility is correct. |
b. | One evolutionary divergence is indicated with a small arrow. Describe this divergence and estimate how many years ago it occurred based on Fig. 21.19. |
c. | Six SNPs (α, β, γ, δ, Ɛ, and ζ) are sequenced in several individuals in each of the six groups; the allele frequencies are given in the table that follows. At the bottom of each column in the table, write a number from 1 to 10 (corresponding to a red number on the figure) that indicates where along the cladogram a mutation occurred that changed the allele in the common ancestor of all humans and chimps to a derived allele. One blank can be filled by either of two numbers; you only need to show one. Also indicate (in the last row at the bottom) the identity of the allele found in the common ancestor, or write can’t tell |
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Working as an Anthropologist in South Africa, you’ve been given four hominin craniums and are asked to develop a new classification system. Using cranium size, the robustness of the cheek bones and brow ridges, and the prognathism of the face, how would you categorize these four skulls into species? Would you categorize all four of them as belonging to the same genus? Two geneses? Three geneses? Four geneses? Do you believe any of them are the same species? Explain how you would categorize these four specimens. Explain what features you used to categorize these specimens.
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Working as an Anthropologist in South Africa, you’ve been given four hominin craniums and are asked to develop a new classification system. Using cranium size, the robustness of the cheek bones and brow ridges, and the prognathism of the face, how would you categorize these four skulls into species? Would you categorize all four of them as belonging to the same genus? Two geneses? Three geneses? Four geneses? Do you believe any of them are the same species? Explain how you would categorize these four specimens. Explain what features you used to categorize these specimens. (Use complete sentences. Minimum of 4 sentences.)
Chapter 21 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 21 - Choose the best matching phrase in the right...Ch. 21 - When an allele is dominant, why does it not always...Ch. 21 - A population with an allele frequency p of 0.5 and...Ch. 21 - In a certain population of frogs, 120 are green,...Ch. 21 - Which of the following populations are at...Ch. 21 - A dominant mutation in Drosophila called Delta...Ch. 21 - A large, random mating population is started with...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8PCh. 21 - Alkaptonuria is a recessive autosomal genetic...Ch. 21 - Two hypothetical lizard populations found on...
Ch. 21 - It is the year 1998, and the men and women sailors...Ch. 21 - a. Alleles of genes on the X chromosome can also...Ch. 21 - In 1927, the ophthalmologist George Waaler tested...Ch. 21 - The equation p2 2pq q2> = 1 representing the...Ch. 21 - A gene has two alleles A frequency = p and a...Ch. 21 - Some people can taste the bitter compound...Ch. 21 - Androgenetic alopecia pattern baldness is a...Ch. 21 - The following figure shows the FBI-style analysis...Ch. 21 - Why is the elimination of a fully recessive...Ch. 21 - Tristan da Cunha is a group of small islands in...Ch. 21 - Small population size causes genetic drift because...Ch. 21 - Three basic predictions underlie genetic drift in...Ch. 21 - A mouse mutation with incomplete dominance t =...Ch. 21 - In Drosophila, the vestigial wings recessive...Ch. 21 - In a population of infinite size, three loci A, B,...Ch. 21 - You have identified an autosomal gene that...Ch. 21 - In Europe, the frequency of the CF allele causing...Ch. 21 - An allele of the G6PD gene acts in a recessive...Ch. 21 - Explain why evolutionary biologists monitor...Ch. 21 - Tiny foxes live on the Channel Islands off the...Ch. 21 - What is the most straightforward evidence at the...Ch. 21 - In March 2013, the American Journal of Human...Ch. 21 - If you go back 40 generations into your biological...Ch. 21 - In Fig. 21.17, to what part of the world does...Ch. 21 - Predict the DNA sequences at the four nodes...Ch. 21 - A cladogram not drawn to scale for the taxonomic...Ch. 21 - As noted in Fig. 21.22, humans now living in...Ch. 21 - As of this writing in 2016, no Neanderthal-derived...
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