Concept explainers
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a. | What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 when N = 100,000? |
b. | What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 when N = 10? |
c. | How are the results in parts (a) and (b) related to the consequences of a population bottleneck? |
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Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
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- SNP microarray analysis shows the genotype at a particular locus for 984 people. 51 individuals are AA, 311 are AC and 622 are CC. Calculate genotype and allele frequencies. I Is this population in H-W Eq? Provide support using Chi Square analysis. State null hypothesis and whether you will reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. Why is it NOT valid to show that p2 + 2pq + q2 =1 as evidence that population is in H-W Eq?arrow_forwardThe following data were obtained from a Ghanaian population of 152 people. Blood Type Number of Individuals M 61 MN 64 N 27 Calculate the frequencies of the M and N alleles in this population. What are the expected numbers of individuals of each genotypic class in this population? Assume Hardy-Weinberg conditions. Use the chi-squared test to determine if these data fit the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model. The degrees of freedom for this test should be 1. Why is this appropriate?arrow_forwardIn a population with two alleles at the R locus (R and r), the frequency of the genotype rr is 0.24. Assuming that the R locus is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in this population, what is the frequency of heterozygotes (Rr)? Round and report your answer to the second decimal place (0.00). Your Answer:arrow_forward
- In a population with two alleles at the C locus (C and c), the frequency of the genotype cc is 0.14. Assuming that the C locus is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in this population, what is the frequency of heterozygotes (Cc)? Round and report your answer to the second decimal place (0.00). Vour Answor:arrow_forwardIn a population with two alleles at the R locus (R and r), the frequency of the genotype rr is 0.31. Assuming that the R locus is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in this population, what is the frequency of heterozygotes (Rr)? Round and report your answer to the second decimal place (0.00).arrow_forwardPretend that you are comparing the actual genotype distribution for a population with the distribution of genotypes predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg theorem. So your hypothesis is that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (i.e. that actual population data fit the Hardy-Weinberg expectations). If you carry out a chisquare goodness of fit test and calculate a total chisquare value of 0.03 with 1 degree of freedom (see table), what does this mean? (select all true statements)a) The data do NOT fit the hypothesized distribution.b) The data do fit the hypothesized distribution well enough, so we accept the hypothesis at this time (i.e. we cannot reject the hypothesis). c) The probability that the data came from a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is too small, so we reject the hypothesis.d) The probability that the data came from a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is too big, so we reject the hypothesis.e) The data support Hardy-Weinberg expectations – there is no…arrow_forward
- Through PCR, we have determined the PER3 genotypes for a class of students as follows: H4/H4 = 125 individuals; H4/H5 = 90 individuals and H5/H5=85 individuals. Using the allele frequencies experimentally derived, calculate the frequency of the H4/H5 genotype that would be expected if the class were a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 1- 0.43 2- 0.24 3- 0.49 4- 0.30 5- 0.57 6- 0.14 7- 0.19arrow_forwardConsider the B locus which has two alleles in a population: B and b. Researchers examined the genotypes several individuals for this locus and obtained the following numbers B/B: 302individuals B/b: 56individuals b/b: 17individuals If the B locus is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what would the expected number of individuals with the Bb genotype? Round your answer to the closest full number.arrow_forwardNieman-Pick Syndrome involves a defective enzyme, sphyngomylinase. It is usually fatal before the age of 3. The defective allele frequency is 0.01 in Ashkenazi populations. Let’s call the healthy allele A, and the lethal allele a. a) What is the frequency of allele A? Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, how many people do you expect to have the three genotypes in a population of 10,000? b) AA:_______ c) Aa:________ d) aa:_________arrow_forward
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