Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The trend of decreasing lattice energies of the chlorides of the Group 2 metals compound has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
A three-dimensional array of ions constitutes the ionic compound lattice. They are stabilized because of attractive forces oppositely charged ions that lower the potential energy. The lattice energy of strong ionic solids is often very large because of small and densely charged ions.
Lower is the potential energy of interaction and more stable is the ionic solid. Hence the compounds that have high charge density on small space are the most stable ionic solids. For example, the calcium phosphate is made up of
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 2 Solutions
Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight
- 5. Which of the following alkali metal halides has the larger lattice energy, and which has the smaller lattice energy? Explain. (a) (b)arrow_forwardUse the group structure of the periodic table to predict the empirical formulas for the binary compounds that hydrogen forms with the elements germanium, fluorine, tellurium, and bismuth.arrow_forwardThe ionisation energy of potassium is 4.34 eV and the electron affinity of chlorine is 3.61 eV. The Madelung constant for the KCl structure is 1.748 and the closest distance between ions of opposite sign is 0.314 nm. On the basis of these data, calculate the cohesive energy of KCl. Compare this with the observed cohesive energy of 6.42 eV for the ion pair and comment on the reasons for any discrepancyarrow_forward
- For each of the following pairs of atoms, state which youexpect to have the higher first ionization energy: (a) Rb orSr; (b) Po or Rn; (c) Xe or Cs; (d) Ba or Sr.arrow_forwardMixing SbCl3 and GaCl3 in a 1:1 molar ratio using liquid sulfur dioxide as a solvent gives a solidionic compound with the empirical formula GaSbCl6. A controversy arose over whether this compoundis [SbCl2]+[GaCl4]− or [GaCl2]+[SbCl4]−.(a) Predict the molecular structure of the two anions from the two choices using VSEPR theory.(b) It is learned that the cation in the compound has a bent structure. Based on this fact, whichformulation is the correct one?arrow_forwardWrite the electron configuration for each of the following ions and determine which one possess noble-gas configurations: (a) Sr2+; (b) Ti2+; (c) Se2-; (d) Ni2+; (e) Br-; (f) Mn3+.arrow_forward
- Write the electron configurations for: Calcium ion in CaCl₂:arrow_forwardWrite a first draft summary summarizing the properties ofeach of the following groups Group 4A,Group 5A,Group 6A and Group 7A.This should be about one page.Then write a one paragraph(no more than halfa page)summary using the firstdraft as your guide.arrow_forwardCalculate the enthalpies of formation, AH;, of group 1 chloride compounds from their elements by using the Born- Haber cycle. Process ΔΗ, k/mol Sublimation of Li(s) 161 Sublimation of Cs(s) 78 Dissociation of Cl, (g) 244 Ionization energy of Li(g) 513 Ionization energy of Cs(g) 376 Electron affinity of Cl(g) -349 Lattice enthalpy of LiCl(s) 852 Lattice enthalpy of CsCl(s) 676 AH; of LiCl = kJ/mol AH; of CsCl = kJ/molarrow_forward
- Use the following data to estimate AH; for potassium bromide. K(s) + Br2 (9) - KBr(a) Lattice energy -671 kJ/mol Ionization energy for K 419 kJ/mol Electron affinity of Br -325 kJ/mol Bond energy of Br2 Enthalpy of sublimation for K 193 kJ/mol 90. kJ/mol AH = kJ/molarrow_forwardUse the group structure of the periodic table to predict the empirical formulas for the binary compounds that hydrogen forms with the elements antimony, bromine, tin, and selenium.arrow_forwardDefine the following phenomena with reference to main group compounds: (d) multicenter electron deficient bondingarrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY