Chapter 2, Problem 2F.21E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Hybridization of $\text{O}$ in ${\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ molecule by expression ${\text{sp}}^{\lambda }$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the hypothetical concept of mixing of atomic orbital into hybrid orbitals that are of dissimilar shapes, energies and are appropriate for combination of electrons to form bonds in valence bond theory.

Hybrid orbitals are formed by the mixture of atomic orbitals overlapped on each other of different proportions. The three hybrid orbitals of ${\text{sp}}^2$ are formed by the linear combination of three atomic orbitals that is one $\text{s}$ and two $\text{p}$ orbitals.

The table that relates hybridization with bond angle is as follows:

  $\begin{array}{cc}\text{Type of Hybridization}& \text{Bond angle}\\ \text{sp}& 180°\\ {\text{sp}}^2& 120°\\ {\text{sp}}^3& 109.5°\\ {\text{sp}}^3\text{d}& 90°,120°,180°\\ {\text{sp}}^3{\text{d}}^2& 90°,180°\end{array}$