Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The anions
Concept Introduction:
In any polar covalent bond, the difference in electronegativities gives rise to partial positive and negative charges respectively on the cation and anions.
The covalent character is determined with respect to the relative extent of distortion of anionic cloud of anion. For instance, highly charged small alkali metal cation such as
In general, greater is the charge on the alkali metal cation or smaller is the size of cation more is its polarizing power to distort the electron cloud of anion. Likewise greater is the polarizability of anion more easily its electron cloud is distorted by a cation.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 2 Solutions
Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight
- Indicate which molecules are polar and which are nonpolar. (a) SeO2 (b) N2O (N is the central atom) (c) SCl4arrow_forwardWhich of the following bonds are polar: (a) P—O; (b) S—F; (c) Br—Br; (d) O—Cl? Which is the more electronegative atom in each polar bond?arrow_forwardOxalic acid, H2C2O4, a poisonous colorless solid, is found in some vegetables such as spinach and rhubarb. It is present in concentrations well below the toxic limit, so you can't use this as a reason to refuse a helping of spinach. The order of atoms in a molecule of oxalic acid is HO2CCO2H. (a) How many unshared pairs of electrons are on each of the carbon atoms? (b) How many unshared pairs of electrons are on each of the oxygen atoms?arrow_forward
- Although carbon has four bonds in stable molecules, sometimes reactive carbon intermediates that contain carbon atoms without four bonds are formed for very short time periods. Examples of these unstable intermediates include the methyl carbocation (CH 3) + and the methyl carbanion (CH 3) −. Draw Lewis structures for both unstable ions and predict the shape around carbon.arrow_forwardSelenium tetrafluoride, SeF₄, is a colorless liquid that is used as a fluorinating reagent in organic synthesis. Based on your Lewis structure for SeF₄, how many electron domains are on the central atom?arrow_forward1- The following chemical reaction takes place in an aqueous solution: FeBr2 (aq) + 2KOH (aq) → Fe(OH)2 (s) + 2KBr (aq) Write the net ionic equation for this reaction. 2- Draw the Lewis structure for ethane (C2H6). Be certain you include any lone pairs. 3-Predict the products of the reaction below. That is, complete the right-hand side of the chemical equation. Be sure your equation is balanced. HBr + Ca(OH)2 → 4-A chemistry student needs 25.0 g of methyl acetate for an experiment. By consulting the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, the student discovers that the density of methyl acetate is 0.934 g *cm-3. Calculate the volume of methyl acetate the student should pour out. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. ____________mL 5- NASA communicates with the Space Shuttle and International Space Station using Ku-band microwave radio. Suppose NASA transmits a microwave signal to the Space Shuttle using radio…arrow_forward
- Draw the Lewis structure of C2H4CI2 (both Cl atoms on one C atom) and then determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar.arrow_forwardArrange the following bonds in order of decreasing polarity: C − C, C − H, C − N, C − O, C − S. State the element that is the negative pole in each. You may refer to Figure 12.15arrow_forwardAnswer the questions in the table below about the shape of the phosphorus tetrachloryl (PCI4 ) cation. How many electron groups are around the central phosphorus atom? Note: one "electron group" means one lone pair, one single bond, one double bond, or one triple bond. olo What phrase best describes the arrangement of these electron groups around the central phosphorus atom? (You may need to use the scrollbar to see all the choices.) (choose one) Ar Explanation Check O 2021 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forward
- Which of the following substances contain polar covalent bonds: MgCl2 HCl NaCl O2arrow_forwardPhosphorus pentachloride, a key industrial compound with annual world production of about 2 x 107 kg, is used to make other compounds. It reacts with sulfur dioxide to produce phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) and thionyl chloride (SOCl2). Draw a Lewis structure, and name the molecular shape of each product.arrow_forwardConsider peroxynitrite (chemical formula: ONOO−), a structural isomer of the nitrate anion. It is generated in the cell when nitric oxide (NO) reacts with the superoxide radical anion (O2-.). Peroxynitrite is a potent oxidant and nitrating agent and can lead to DNA and protein damage (this is the complete question) Draw the correct Lewis structure for peroxynitrite and indicate approximate bond angles. Tell how many molecular degrees of freedom of motion are present in peroxynitrite and what motions they correspond to.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning