Chapter 2, Problem 2D.17E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The bond length of $\text{C}-\text{O}$ in ${\text{CO}}_2$ has to be estimated.

Concept Introduction:

The bond length is estimated to be average of covalent radii of two atoms within a bond. Each ion contributes to the bond length as illustrated below:

The expression to calculate the bond length is as follows:

  $\text{Bond length}=r_{\text{A}}+r_{\text{B}}$

Here,

$r_{\text{A}}$ denotes covalent radius of atom A.

$r_{\text{B}}$ denotes covalent radius of atom B.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The bond length of $\text{C}-\text{O}$ and $\text{C}-\text{N}$ in urea has to be estimated.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The bond length of $\text{O}-\text{Cl}$ in $\text{HClO}$ has to be estimated.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The bond length of $\text{N}-\text{Cl}$ in $\text{NOCl}$ has to be estimated.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).