Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Lewis structures of
Concept Introduction:
Lewis structures represent covalent bonds and describe valence electrons configuration of atoms. The covalent bonds are depicted by lines, and unshared electron pairs by pairs of dots. The sequence to write Lewis structure of some molecule is given as follows:
- The central atom is identified and various other atoms are arranged around it. This central atom so chosen is often the least electronegative.
- Total valence electrons is estimated for each atoms.
- single bond is first placed between each atom pair.
- The electrons left can be allocated as unshared electron pairs or as multiple bonds around rtegh symbol of elemnt to satisfy the octet (or duplet) for each atom.
- Add charge on overall structure in case of polytatomic cation or anion.
A single bond is always associated with sigma bonds. Molecules that have all atoms connected by sigma bond exclusively are stated to be in
A double bond and carbocation are associated with
A triple bond is always associated with
(b)
Interpretation:
The reason behind high reactivity of benzyne has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
A single bond is always associated with sigma bonds. Molecules that have all atoms connected by sigma bond exclusively are stated to be in
A double bond and carbocation are associated with
A triple bond is always associated with
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Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight
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- Butadiene, C4H6, is a planar molecule that has the followingcarbon–carbon bond lengths: (a) Predict the bond angles around each of the carbon atoms and sketch the molecule. (b) From left to right, what is the hybridization of each carbon atom in butadiene? (c) The middle C—C bond length in butadiene (1.48 Å) is a little shorter than the average C—C single bond length (1.54 Å). Does this imply that the middle C—C bond in butadiene is weaker or stronger than the average C—C single bond? (d) Based on your answer for part (c), discuss what additional aspects of bonding in butadiene might support the shorter middle C—C bond.arrow_forwardConsider the reaction BF3 + NH3 -> F3B-NH3 (a) Describe the changes in hybridization of the B and N atoms as a result of this reaction. (b) Describe the shapes of all the reactant molecules with their bond angles. (c) Draw the overall shape of the product molecule and identify the bond angles around B and N atoms. (d) What is the name of the bond between B and N. (e)Describe the bonding orbitals that make the B and F, B and N & N and H bonds in the product molecule.arrow_forward. Assume that the third-period element phosphorus forms a diatomic molecule, P2, in an analogous way as nitrogen does to form N2. (a) Write the electronic configuration for P2. Use [Ne2] to represent the electron configuration for the first two periods. (b) Calculate its bond order. (c) What are its magnetic properties (diamagnetic or paramagnetic)?arrow_forward
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