Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 28RQ
You are a physiologist taking part in an archeological expedition to search for Atlantis. One of the deep-sea submersibles has come back with a mermaid, and you are taking a series of samples from her. You have determined that her GFR is 250 mL/min and that her kidneys reabsorb glucose with a transport maximum of 50 mg/min. What is her renal threshold for glucose? When her plasma concentration of glucose is 15 mg/mL, what is its glucose clearance?
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One model of the glomerular membrane is a microporous membrane in which right cylindrical pores penetrate all the way through the membrane. Assume that the pores have a length of 50 nm and a radius of 3.5 nm. The viscosity of plasma is 0.002 Pa s. The average hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus is 60 mm Hg, hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space is 20 mm Hg and the average oncotic pressure of glomerular capillary blood is 28 mm Hg. A. Calculate the flow through a single pore assuming laminar flow (use the Poiseuille flow equation) B. How many pores would there have to be to produce a normal GFR? C. If the total aggregate area of the kidneys for filtration is 1.5 m2, what is the density of the pores (number of pores per unit area)? D. What fraction of the area is present as pores?
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 19.1 - Ion regulation is a key feature of kidney...Ch. 19.1 - What happens to the force of cardiac contraction...Ch. 19.2 - If net filtration out of glomerular capillaries...Ch. 19.2 - If net reabsorption into peritubular capillaries...Ch. 19.3 - Name one way in which filtration and secretion are...Ch. 19.3 - A water molecule enters the renal corpuscle from...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 7CCCh. 19.4 - Why is the osmotic pressure of plasma in efferent...Ch. 19.4 - If a hypertensive persons blood pressure is...Ch. 19.4 - If systemic blood pressure remains constant but...
Ch. 19.4 - A person with cirrhosis of the liver has...Ch. 19.7 - If plasma creatinine = 1.8 mg/100 mL plasma, urine...Ch. 19 - List and explain the significance of the five...Ch. 19 - List and explain the six major kidney functions.Ch. 19 - At any given time, what percentage of cardiac...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4RQCh. 19 - Arrange the following structures in the order that...Ch. 19 - Name the three filtration barriers that solutes...Ch. 19 - Prob. 7RQCh. 19 - What does the abbreviation GFR stand for? What is...Ch. 19 - Identify the following structures, then explain...Ch. 19 - In which segment of the nephron does most...Ch. 19 - Match each of the following substances with its...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12RQCh. 19 - Prob. 13RQCh. 19 - Prob. 14RQCh. 19 - Map the following terms. You may add terms if you...Ch. 19 - Define, compare, and contrast the items in the...Ch. 19 - What are the advantages of a kidney that filters a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 18RQCh. 19 - Diagram the micturition reflex. How is this reflex...Ch. 19 - Antimuscarinic drugs are the accepted treatment...Ch. 19 - Draw a section of renal tubule epithelium showing...Ch. 19 - Prob. 22RQCh. 19 - Read the box on hemodialysis on p. 603 and see if...Ch. 19 - Graphing question: You are given a chemical Z and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 25RQCh. 19 - Prob. 26RQCh. 19 - Dwight was competing for a spot on the Olympic...Ch. 19 - You are a physiologist taking part in an...Ch. 19 - If 140 liters of plasma are filtered in a day, and...
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- If the rate of urine formation is 2 ml/min, the urine inulin concentration is 25 mg/ml, and the plasma inulin concentration 0.5 mg/ml, then the GFR is 6.25 mL/min None of the choices are correct. (c) 0.04 mL/min D) 100 mL/min E) more data is needed to calculate the GFRarrow_forwardA patient comes to your medical practice with complaints of low urine output (not peeing). You use inulin to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the following information: Plasma level (P – constant over 24 hours): 10 mg/mL inulin. Urine sample (U): 144 mg inulin/mL urine. Urine formation (V): 10 mL/min. Using the fromula GFR=V ✕ U/P, you calculate a GFR of ... A) 144mL/min.. B) 14400 mL/min. C) 144 min./mL. D) 144 g mannitol/min.arrow_forwardWhat happens to blood concentration of plasma proteins in an individual with renal disease that results in either (a) damage to the filtration membrane or (b) decreased filtration at the filtration membrane?arrow_forward
- Fred was diagnosed 6 months ago with liver cancer. His liver is no longer able to make the necessary amount of proteins needed by the body. What effect, if any, would this have on the net glomerular filtration rate? (Hint, decide which of the 3 forces contributing to the net filtration rate is affected. Then adjust numbers in the equation to determine if there is an increase, decrease, or no change to the net filtration rate). Group of answer choices A) Blood colloid osmotic pressure would be decreased, increasing the net glomerular filtration rate. B) Blood colloid osmotic pressure would be decreased, decreasing the net glomerular filtration rate. C) Capsular hydrostatic pressure would be decreased, increasing the net glomerular filtration rate. D) Capsular hydrostatic pressure would be decreased, decreasing the net glomerular filtration rate. E) There would be no effect on the net glomerular filtration rate.arrow_forwardAnswer these 3 questions : Question 1One of the functions of the main cells of the collecting tubule is: Question 1 options: a) To secrete potassium ions in the tubular lumen with the help of the hormone aldosterone b) To maintain the pH of the blood between (7.35 - 7.45) c) To secrete sodium ions in the tubular lumen with the help of the hormone aldosterone d) Reabsorb sodium using antidiuretic hormone e) Reabsorb water with the help of the hormone aldosterone Question 2The granulocyte which secretes histamine and other inflammatory mediators is: Question 2 options: a) A lymphocyte b) A neutrophil c) A basophil d) An eosinophil e) A dendritic cell Question 3About the counter-current exchanger mechanism, which sentence (s) is (are) wrong: Question 3 options: a) One of the actions of the vasa recta is to bring oxygen and nutrients into the medullary interstitium and remove metabolic waste b) The ascending and descending branches of the vasa recta are permeable to NaCl and urea c) The…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE about glucose reabsorption in the kidney? a.If an individual does not have diabetes mellitus, 100% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. b.If an individual has diabetes mellitus, filtered glucose will be present in all the renal tubule. c.Glucose reabsorption along the proximal convoluted tubule uses the sodium glucose secondary active transporter and it is independent of insulin. d.All of the above e.None of the above asaparrow_forward
- You need to evaluate kidney function in a 55-year-old obese man with type 2 diabetes; you ask him to collect his urine over a 24-hour period. He collects 4,320 mL of urine. The clinical laboratory returns the following results from analysis of his urine and plasma samples: Plasma creatinine = 3.0 mg/100 mL Urine creatinine = 40 mg/100 mL Plasma potassium = 5.0 mmol/L Urine potassium = 20 mmol/L What is the net renal tubular secretion rate of potassium in the patient described in question? Group of answer choices .280 mmol/min .140 mmol/min .060 mmol/min .030 mmol/minarrow_forwardA 28-year-old man has a fasting serum glucose concentration of 140 mg/dL and a glomerular filtration rate of 125 ml/min. The renal transport maximum for glucose in this patient is 300 mg/min. Which of the following best represents the rate of urinary glucose excretion (in mg/min) in this man? (A) 0 (B) 100 (C) 200 (D) 300 (E) 400arrow_forwardGiven: A patient’s GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is 125 ml/min, and his urine is produced at a rate of 1.25 ml/min. (A) By what factor is the inulin concentrate in his urine. (B) The concentration of glucose in his plasma is 5 mmol/l. His renal reabsorption of glucose is completely inhibited. What would be the concentration of glucose in his urine? (answer parts a and b)arrow_forward
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